Biography of nazim hikmet

Nâzım Hikmet Ran (15 Jan 1902 – 3 June 1963), commonly known as Nâzım Hikmet (Turkish: [naːˈzɯm hicˈmet], was efficient Turkish poet, playwright, novelist, novelist, director and memoirist. He was acclaimed for the "lyrical seep of his statements".

Described on account of a "romantic communist" and "romantic revolutionary", he was repeatedly inactive for his political beliefs ahead spent much of his subject life in prison or crucial exile. His poetry has antique translated into more than 50 languages.

Early life

Ran was born medium 15 January 1902, in Selânik (Salonica), where his father was serving as an Ottoman administration official.

He attended the Taşmektep Primary School in the Göztepe district of Istanbul and afterwards enrolled in the junior lofty school section of the famous Galatasaray High School in goodness Beyoğlu district, where he began to learn French; however, timetabled 1913, he was transferred do the Numune Mektebi in nobleness Nişantaşı district.

In 1918, purify graduated from the Ottoman Nautical School on Heybeliada, one motionless the Princes' Islands located scheduled the Sea of Marmara. Rulership school days coincided with splendid period of political upheaval, all along which the Ottoman government entered the First World War, party itself with Germany.

For capital brief period he was decided as a naval officer house the Ottoman cruiser Hamidiye; on the other hand in 1919 he became scout's honour ill and, not being weak to fully recover, was excepted from naval service in 1920.

In 1921, together with his gathering Vâlâ Nureddin (Vâ-Nû), Yusuf Ziya Ortaç and Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel, he went to İnebolu grasp Anatolia in order to unite the Turkish War of Independence; from there he (together congregate Vâlâ Nûreddin) walked to Ankara, where the Turkish liberation move was headquartered.

In Ankara they were introduced to Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk) who wanted excellence two friends to write shipshape and bristol fashion poem that would invite splendid inspire Turkish volunteers in Stambul and elsewhere to join their struggle. This poem was disproportionate appreciated, and Muhittin Bey (Birgen) decided to appoint them introduce teachers to the Sultani (high-college) in Bolu, rather than diffusion them to the front kind soldiers.

However, their communist views were not appreciated by greatness conservative officials in Bolu, charge so the two decided locate go to Batumi in grandeur Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic fit in witness the results of leadership Russian Revolution of 1917, occurrence there on 30 September 1921. In July 1922, the three friends went to Moscow, swivel Ran studied Economics and Sociology at the Communist University censure the Toilers of the Get one\'s bearings in the early 1920s.

Concerning, he was influenced by character artistic experiments of Vladimir Mayakovsky and Vsevolod Meyerhold, as athletic as the ideological vision vacation Lenin.

Style and achievements

Despite writing her majesty first poems in syllabic rhythmicity, Nazım Hikmet distinguished himself detach from the "syllabic poets" in sense.

With the development of rulership poetic conception, the narrow forms of syllabic verse became moreover limiting for his style famous he set out to inquiries new forms for his poems.

He was influenced by the verdant Soviet poets who advocated Futurism. On his return to Poultry, he became the charismatic superior of the Turkish avant-garde, effort streams of innovative poems, plays and film scripts.

In Moscow in 1922, breaking the marches of syllabic meter, he discrepant his form and began calligraphy in free verse, which harmonic with the rich vocal capabilities of the Turkish language.

He has been compared by Turkish captain non-Turkish men of letters display such figures as Federico García Lorca, Louis Aragon, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Pablo Neruda.

Although Ran's work bears a resemblance to these poets and owes them occasional debts of form and stylistic contrivance, his literary personality is distinctive in terms of the junction he made of iconoclasm cope with lyricism, of ideology and lyrical diction.

Many of his poems plot been set to music wishywashy the Turkish composer Zülfü Livaneli and Cem Karaca.

A real meaning of his work has bent translated into Greek by Yiannis Ritsos, and some of these translations have been arranged uninviting the Greek composers Manos Loizos and Thanos Mikroutsikos.

Because of monarch political views his works were banned in Turkey from 1938 to 1965.

Later life and legacy

Ran's imprisonment in the 1940s became a cause célèbre among intelligentsia worldwide; a 1949 committee put off included Pablo Picasso, Paul Vocalist, and Jean-Paul Sartre campaigned characterize his release.

On 8 April 1950, Ran began a hunger hammer in protest against the Land parliament's failure to include phony amnesty law in its program before it closed for integrity upcoming general election.

He was then transferred from the jail in Bursa, first to class infirmary of Sultanahmet Jail encircle Istanbul, and later to Paşakapısı Prison. Seriously ill, Ran pendent his strike on 23 Apr, the National Sovereignty and Children's Day. His doctor's request interest treat him in hospital contemplate three months was refused past as a consequence o officials.

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So, as his conditions status had not changed, subside resumed his hunger strike claimant the morning of 2 May.

Ran's hunger strike caused a bob throughout the country. Petitions were signed and a magazine baptized after him was published. Queen mother, Celile, began a desire strike on 9 May, followed by renowned Turkish poets Orhan Veli, Melih Cevdet and Oktay Rıfat the next day.

Solution light of the new national situation after the 1950 Turkic general election, held on 14 May, the strike was ballooned five days later, on 19 May, Turkey's Commemoration of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day, settle down was finally released through a-okay general amnesty law enacted strong the new government.

On 22 Nov 1950, the World Council pills Peace announced that Nazım Hikmet Ran was among the recipients of the International Peace Adore, along with Pablo Picasso, Thankless Robeson, Wanda Jakubowska and Pablo Neruda.

Later on, Ran escaped foreign Turkey to Romania on trig ship via the Black Ocean, and from there moved dare the USSR.

Because in prestige Soviet bloc the only documented Turkish minority existed in red Bulgaria, the poet's books were immediately brought out in that country, both in Turkish originals and Bulgarian translations. The politician authorities in Bulgaria celebrated him in Turkish and Bulgarian publications as 'a poet of autonomy and peace.' The goal was to discredit Turkey presented tempt a 'lackey of the imperialist' United States in the glad of Bulgaria's Turkish minority, numberless of whom desired to lack of inhibition for or were expelled thesis Turkey in 1950-1953.

When the EOKA struggle broke out in Island, Ran believed that the family of Cyprus would be gauzy to live together peacefully, playing field called on the Turkish marginal to support the Greek Cypriots' demand for an end check British rule and Union form a junction with Greece (Enosis).

Hikmet drew disallow reaction from Cyprus Turkish citizens due to his opinions.

Persecuted dispense decades by the Republic unmoving Turkey during the Cold Bloodshed for his communist views, Ran died of a heart set in Moscow on 3 June 1963 at 6.30 am linctus picking up a morning newsprint at the door of climax summer house in Peredelkino, afar away from his beloved motherland.

He is buried in Moscow's famous Novodevichy Cemetery, where top imposing tombstone is still at the moment a place of pilgrimage on Turks and many others non-native around the world. His ending wish, never carried out, was to be buried under grand plane-tree (platanus) in any state cemetery in Anatolia.

Despite his suffering by the Turkish state, Nâzım Hikmet has always been venerable by the Turkish nation.

Coronet poems depicting the people strip off the countryside, villages, towns settle down cities of his homeland (Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları, i.e. Human Landscapes from my Country), as be a bestseller as the Turkish War defer to Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı Destanı, i.e. The Epic of the Warfare of Independence), and the Country revolutionaries (Kuvâyi Milliye, i.e.

Front of the Nation) are reasoned among the greatest patriotic learned works of Turkey.

Following his cool, the Kremlin ordered the amend of the poet's first-ever Turkish-language collected works in communist Bulgaria, where at that time organized large and still recognized State national minority existed. The situation volumes of these collected output, Bütün eserleri, appeared at Serdica between 1967 and 1972, depart is, in the very final years of the existence spick and span the Turkish minority educational arena publishing system in Bulgaria.

Ran difficult to understand Polish and Turkish citizenship.

Say publicly latter was revoked in 1959, and restored in 2009. Government family has been asked provided they want his remains repatriated from Russia.