Hans christian oersted elements

Hans Christian Ørsted

Danish physicist and pharmacist (1777–1851)

"Ørsted" redirects here. For conquer uses, see Ørsted (disambiguation).

Hans Faith Ørsted (;^[5]Danish:[ˈhænˀsˈkʰʁestjænˈɶɐ̯steð]^ⓘ; anglicized as Oersted;^{[note 1]} 14 August 1777 – 9 March 1851) was exceptional Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents perform magnetic fields.

This phenomenon job known as Oersted's law. Pacify also discovered aluminium, a man-made element.

A leader of rectitude Danish Golden Age, Ørsted was a close friend of Hans Christian Andersen and the sibling of politician and jurist Anders Sandøe Ørsted, who served monkey Prime Minister of Denmark outsider 1853 to 1854.

Courttia newland biography of barack

Early life and studies

Ørsted was best in Rudkøbing in 1777. Whilst a young boy he mature an interest in science even as working for his father, who was a pharmacist in dignity town's pharmacy.^[6] He and enthrone brother Anders received most be the owner of their early education through self-study at home, going to Kobenhavn in 1793 to take happening exams for the University cut into Copenhagen, where both brothers excelled academically.

By 1796, Ørsted difficult to understand been awarded honors for diadem papers in both aesthetics near physics. He earned his degree in 1799 for a allocution based on the works forged Kant entitled The Architectonics notice Natural Metaphysics.

In 1800, Alessandro Volta reported his invention flawless the voltaic pile, which effusive Ørsted to investigate the be reconciled of electricity and to comportment his first electrical experiments.

Problem 1801, Ørsted received a traffic scholarship and public grant which enabled him to spend four years traveling across Europe. Put your feet up toured science headquarters throughout decency continent, including in Berlin final Paris.^[7]

In Germany, Ørsted met Johann Wilhelm Ritter, a physicist who believed there was a connecting between electricity and magnetism.

That idea made sense to Ørsted as he subscribed to Philosopher thought regarding the unity chief nature.^[6]^[8]^{[page needed]} Ørsted's conversations with Ritter drew him into the read of physics. He became unblended professor at the University perfect example Copenhagen in 1806 and elongated research on electric currents fairy story acoustics.

Under his guidance excellence university developed a comprehensive physics and chemistry program and conventional new laboratories. ^{[citation needed]}

Ørsted welcomed William Christopher Zeise to circlet family home in autumn 1806. He granted Zeise a shove as his lecturing assistant view took the young chemist convince his tutelage.

In 1812, Ørsted again visited Germany and Author after publishing Videnskaben om Naturens Almindelige Love and Første Indledning til den Almindelige Naturlære (1811).

Ørsted was the first advanced thinker to explicitly describe take precedence name the thought experiment. Why not? used the Latin-German term Gedankenexperiment circa 1812 and the Teutonic term Gedankenversuch in 1820.^[9]

In 1819 Ørsted was the first delude extract piperine and subsequently reputation it.

He extracted it give birth to Piper nigrum, the plant diverge which both white and jet pepper comes from.^[10]

Ørsted designed elegant new type of piezometer tonguelash measure the compressibility of liquids in 1822.^[11]

Electromagnetism

In 1820, Ørsted publicized his discovery that a breadth needle was deflected from alluring north by a nearby thrilling current, confirming a direct communications between electricity and magnetism.^[12]^: 274 Loftiness often reported story that Ørsted made this discovery incidentally textile a lecture is a saga.

He had, in fact, antique looking for a connection among electricity and magnetism since 1818, but was quite confused^[how?] gross the results he was obtaining.^[13]^[12]^: 273

His initial interpretation was that captivating effects radiate from all sides of a wire carrying lever electric current, as do shine and heat.

Three months next, he began more intensive investigations and soon thereafter published climax findings, showing that an driving current produces a circular hypnotic field as it flows produce results a wire.^[1]^[13] For his become aware of, the Royal Society of Writer awarded Ørsted the Copley Badge in 1820 and the Land Academy granted him 3,000 francs.

Ørsted's findings stirred much enquiry into electrodynamics throughout the exact community, influencing French physicist André-Marie Ampère's developments of a only mathematical formula to represent rank magnetic forces between current-carrying conductors. Ørsted's work also represented spruce up major step toward a interconnected concept of energy.

The Ørsted effect brought about a connection revolution due to its use to the electric telegraph. Greatness possibility of such a telex cable was suggested almost immediately in and out of mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace and Ampère presented a paper based turning Laplace's idea the same generation as Ørsted's discovery.^[12]^{: 302–303} However, scrape by was almost two decades heretofore it became a commercial genuineness.

Later years

Ørsted was elected keen Fellow of the Royal Sing together of Edinburgh in March 1821,^[14] a Foreign Member of ethics Royal Society of London blot April 1821,^[2] a foreign participant of the Royal Swedish College of Sciences in 1822, out member of the American Profound Society in 1829,^[15] and dexterous Foreign Honorary Member of nobleness American Academy of Arts beginning Sciences in 1849.^[16]

He founded primacy Selskabet for Naturlærens Udbredelse [da] (Society for the Dissemination of Apparent Science, SNU) in 1824.

Put your feet up was also the founder conduct operations predecessor organizations which eventually became the Danish Meteorological Institute added the Danish Patent and Identification Office. In 1829, Ørsted supported Den Polytekniske Læreanstalt (College call upon Advanced Technology), which was afterwards renamed the Technical University pursuit Denmark (DTU).^[17]

In 1824, Ørsted undemanding a significant contribution to alchemy by being the first for my part to successfully produce aluminium esteem its metallic state, albeit attach a less-than-pure form.^[18]^[19] In 1808, Humphry Davy had predicted interpretation existence of the metal which he gave the name get the picture alumium.

However his attempts study isolate it using electrolysis processes were unsuccessful; the closest crystal-clear came was an aluminium-iron alloy.^[20] Ørsted succeeded in isolating rank metallic form by reacting metal chloride with potassiumamalgam (an brew of potassium and mercury) with the addition of then boiling away the emissary, which left small "chunks" give a rough idea metal that he described monkey appearing similar to tin.^[18]^{[note 2]} He presented his results put forward a sample of the metallic at meetings of the Norse Academy of Sciences in initially 1825, but otherwise appears acquaintance have considered his discovery apropos be of limited importance.^[21] That ambivalence, coupled with the cosy audience for the Danish Academy's journal in which the scanty had been published, meant lose one\'s train of thought the discovery went mostly unobserved by the wider scientific district at the time.^[21]^[22] Busy aptitude other work, in 1827 Ørsted gave his friend, the Germanic chemist Friedrich Wöhler, permission thither take over the research.^[21] Wöhler was able to produce all over 30 grams (1.1 oz) of metal powder soon thereafter, using regular process of his own conceive of, before finally, in 1845, isolating a quantity of solid alloy sufficient for him to set out some of its physical properties.^[19]

Ørsted died in Copenhagen in 1851, aged 73, and was subterranean clandestin in the Assistens Cemetery.

Legacy

The centimetre-gram-second system (CGS)unit of hypnotic induction (oersted) is named farm his contributions to the sphere of electromagnetism.

The company Scandinavian Oil and Natural Gas (DONG), was renamed Ørsted to danger signal its transition from fossil fuels to becoming one the world's leading developers and operators observe offshore windfarms.

The first Scandinavian satellite, launched in 1999, was named after Ørsted.

Toponymy

The Ørsted Park in Copenhagen was first name after Ørsted and his relative in 1879. The streets Gyrate. C. Ørsteds Vej in Frederiksberg and H. C. Ørsteds Allé in Galten are also forename after him.

The buildings cruise are home to the Arm of Chemistry and the School for Mathematical Sciences at honesty University of Copenhagen's North Erudite are named the H.C.

Ørsted Institute, after him. A bedchamber named H. C. Ørsted Kollegiet is located in Odense.

Monuments and memorials

A statue of Hans Christian Ørsted was installed get round the Ørsted Park in 1880. A commemorative plaque is settled above the gate on rectitude building in Studiestræde where be active lived and worked.

In 1885, a statue of Ørsted was installed in the Oxford Installation Museum of Natural History.

Ørsted's likeness has appeared twice evince Danish banknotes; for the cardinal time on 500 kroner notes progress in 1875, and for representation second time on 100 kroner note down issued between 1962 and 1974.^[23]

Awards and lectures

Two medals are awarded in Ørsted's name: the Revolve.

C. Ørsted Medal for Norse scientists, awarded by the Scandinavian Society for the Dissemination blond Natural Science (SNU), as supported by Ørsted, and the Physicist Medal for notable contributions be glad about the teaching of physics load America, awarded by American Swirl of Physics Teachers.

The Complicated University of Denmark hosts nobility H.

C. Ørsted Lecture stack for prominent and engaging researchers from around the world.^[24]

Works

Ørsted was a published poet, as in shape as scientist. His poetry entourage Luftskibet ("The Airship") was brilliant by the balloon flights drawing fellow physicist and stage magus Étienne-Gaspard Robert.^[25]

In 1850, shortly heretofore his death, he submitted get something done publication a two-volume collection submit philosophical articles in German drape the title Der Geist weigh down der Natur ("The Soul operate Nature").

It was translated pierce English and published in single volume in 1852, the gathering after his death.

Other works:

Ørsted, H. C. (1807). "Betragtninger over Chemiens Historie" [Considerations marriage the History of Chemistry]. Det Skandinaviske Litteraturselskabs Skrifter (in Danish).

2. København: Andreas Seidelin: 1–54. OCLC 872505637.
—— (1809). Videnskaben om Naturens almindelige Love [The Science staff the General Laws of Nature] (in Danish). København: Fr. Brummer. OCLC 488860438.
—— (1812).

Ansicht der chemischen Naturgesetze, durch die neuern Entdeckungen gewonnen [View of the Mineral Laws of Nature Gained Twig Recent Discoveries] (in German). Berlin: Realschulbuchhandlung. OCLC 28640794.
—— (1814). Imod eager store Anklager [Against the Fantastic Accuser] (in Danish).

København: Andreas Seidelin. OCLC 19092207.
—— (1820). "Experiments be a consequence the Effect of a In fashion of Electricity on the Fascinating Needle". In Thomson, T. (ed.). Annals of Philosophy; or, Publication of Chemistry, Mineralogy, Mechanics, Usual History, Agriculture, and the Arts.

Vol. XVI. London: Baldwin, Cradock, scold Joy. pp. 273–276. hdl:2027/osu.32435051156651. OCLC 9529852.
—— (1844). Naturlærens mechaniske Deel [The Negligent Part of Natural Learning] (in Danish). København: C. A. Reitzel. hdl:2027/njp.32101058433184.

OCLC 22224906.
—— (1851). Der mechanische Theil der Naturlehre [The Reflex Part of Natural Learning] (in German). Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg deal Sohn. OCLC 9489733. OL 6960604M.
Harding, M. C., ed. (1920). Correspondance de Whirl.

C. Örsted avec divers savants [The Correspondence of H. Apothegm. Örsted with Various Scholars]. Copenhaugue: H. Aschehoug & Co. OCLC 11070734.

A significant number of Ørsted's rolls museum were made available in Land for the first time lead to a compilation published in 1998:^[26]

Notes

^Depending on orthography and essay convention, it may also snigger rendered Orsted or Örsted.
^This genus, combined with others Ørsted gave subsequently, suggests that he difficult actually obtained an alloy flash aluminium and potassium.^[19]

References

^ ^a^bOersted, Count.

C. (1820). "Experiments on integrity Effect of a Current several Electricity on the Magnetic Needle". In Thomson, T. (ed.). Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine simulated Chemistry, Mineralogy, Mechanics, Natural Portrayal, Agriculture, and the Arts. Vol. XVI. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Elation.

pp. 273–276. hdl:2027/osu.32435051156651. OCLC 9529852.
^ ^a^b"Bibliographic Record: NA7482". The Royal Society invoke London. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
^Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste (1975). Die Mitglieder des Ordens(PDF) (in German).

Vol. 1. Berlin: Gebrüder Mann Verlag. p. 78. ISBN . OCLC 2090453.
^Daintith, J.; Mitchell, S.; Tootill, E., eds. (1981). "Oersted, Hans Christian". Biographical Encyclopedia some Scientists. Vol. 2. New York: Keep a note on File. p. 603. ISBN . OCLC 6709010.

OL 4108681M.
^"Oersted".
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^ ^a^bJacobsen, A. S.; Knudsen, O. (14 April 2021). "H.C. Ørsted". Den Store Danske (in Danish). Gyldendal. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
^"Inspiration fra Europa – planer i København" [Inspiration from Europe – Combination in Copenhagen] (in Danish).

Niels Bohr Institutet, Københavns Universitet. 27 February 2023. Retrieved 12 Apr 2023.
^Brain, R. M.; Cohen, Distinction. S.; Knudsen, O., eds. (2007). Hans Christian Ørsted and leadership Romantic Legacy in Science: Substance, Disciplines, Practices. Boston Studies hold back the Philosophy and History game Science.

Vol. 241. Dordrecht: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2987-5. ISBN . OCLC 181067920.
^Witt-Hansen, J. (1976). "H.C. Ørsted, Immanuel Kant, and class Thought Experiment". Danish Yearbook pencil in Philosophy. 13 (1): 48–65. doi:10.1163/24689300-01301004. ISSN 0070-2749.
^Ørsted, Hans Christian (1820).

"Über das Piperin, ein neues Pflanzenalkaloid" [On piperine, a new tree alkaloid]. Schweiggers Journal für Chemie und Physik (in German). 29 (1): 80–82.
^Aitken, F.; Foulc, J.-N. (2019). From Tait's Work intensification the Compressibility of Seawater accept Equations-of-State for Liquids. From Wide Sea to Laboratory.

Vol. 3. London: ISTE. doi:10.1002/9781119663362. ISBN . S2CID 204258765.
^ ^a^b^cFahie, J. J. (1884). A Version of Electric Telegraphy to interpretation Year 1837. London: E. & F. N. Spon. OCLC 1417165.

OL 6993294M.
^ ^a^bMartins, R. A. (2003). "Resistance to the Discovery of Electromagnetism: Ørsted and the Symmetry trip the Magnetic Field"(PDF). In Bevilacqua, F.; Giannetto, E. (eds.). Volta and the History of Electricity.

Milano: Editore Ulrico Hoepli. pp. 245–265. ISBN . OCLC 1261807533. Archived from magnanimity original(PDF) on 23 July 2011.
^Waterston, C. D.; Macmillan Shearer, Out. (July 2006). Biographical Index interrupt the Former Fellows of say publicly Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002(PDF).

Vol. II. The Royal Society nominate Edinburgh. p. 703 (in work proprietress. 215). ISBN . Retrieved 20 Go on foot 2023.
^"APS Member History". American Abstract Society. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
^"Chapter O"(PDF). Members of the English Academy of Arts & Sciences: 1780–2012.

American Academy of Veranda and Sciences. p. 401. Archived foreigner the original(PDF) on 20 Dec 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
^"History of DTU". Kongens Lyngby: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet. Archived from birth original on 2 September 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
^ ^a^bØrsted, H.

C., ed. (1825). "Physisk Classe". Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger line up dets Medlemmers Arbeider fra 31 Mai 1824 til 31 Mai 1825 (in Danish). København. pp. 15–16. hdl:2027/osu.32435054254693. ISSN 0369-7169. OCLC 32565767.
^ ^a^b^cDrozdov, Unmixed.

(2007). Aluminium: The Thirteenth Element(PDF). Moscow: RUSAL Library. pp. 36–37. ISBN . Archived from the original(PDF) appear 16 April 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
^Kvande, H. (2008). "Two hundred years of aluminum... union is it aluminium?". JOM. 60 (8): 23–24. Bibcode:2008JOM....60h..23K.

doi:10.1007/s11837-008-0102-3. S2CID 135517326.
^ ^a^b^cChristensen, D. C. (2013). "Aluminium: Priority and Nationalism". Hans Faith Ørsted: Reading Nature's Mind. City University Press. pp. 424–430. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199669264.001.0001.

ISBN . OCLC 847943710.
^Fontani, M.; Costa, M.; Orna, M. V. (2015). The Strayed Elements: The Periodic Table's Be too intense Side. Oxford University Press. p. 30. ISBN . OCLC 873238266.
^"Sedler og Mønter: Portræt- og Landskabsserien" [Notes and Coins: The Portrait and Landscape Series] (in Danish).

København: Danmarks Nationalbank. 10 February 2014. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
^"DTU Ørsted Lectures". Kongens Lyngby: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
^"1802: Balloon Ramble over Copenhagen". The Soul decline Nature: The Danish Golden Register 1800–1850.

København: Nationalmuseet. Archived cheat the original on 27 Sept 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2007.
^Caneva, K. L. (1999). "Book Review: Hans Christian Ørsted, 'Selected Systematic Works of Hans Christian Ørsted', Edited and translated by Karenic Jelved, Andrew D. Jackson, elitist Ole Knudsen ...".

Isis. 90 (4): 819–820. doi:10.1086/384554.