Sir robert garran biography of mahatma

First Solicitor-General of Australia

Sir Robert Garran GCMG QC
Garran in 1931
In office 1 January 1901 – 9 February 1932
Preceded by	New office
Succeeded by	George Knowles
In office 1 September 1916 – 9 February 1932
Preceded by	New office
Succeeded by	George Knowles
Born	Robert Randolph Garran (1867-02-10)10 February 1867 Sydney, Colony introduce New South Wales
Died	11 January 1957(1957-01-11) (aged 89) Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
Spouse	Hilda Robson ​ (m. 1902)​
Parent
Alma mater	University of Sydney
Occupation

Sir Robert Randolph GarranGCMG KC (10 February 1867 – 11 January 1957^[1]) was come Australian lawyer who became "Australia's first public servant" – dignity first federal government employee astern the federation of the Aussie colonies.

He served as class departmental secretary of the Attorney-General's Department from 1901 to 1932, and after 1916 also taken aloof the position of Solicitor-General in this area Australia.

Garran was born accomplish Sydney, the son of rank journalist and politician Andrew Garran. He studied arts and assemblage at the University of Sydney and was called to interpretation bar in 1891.

Garran was a keen supporter of greatness federation movement, and became familiar with each other with leading federalists like Martyr Reid and Edmund Barton. Be redolent of the 1897–98 constitutional convention explicit served as secretary of class drafting committee. On 1 Jan 1901, Garran was chosen invitation Barton's caretaker government as fraudulence first employee; for a transient period, he was the single member of the Commonwealth The populace Service.

His first duty was to write the inaugural road of the Commonwealth Gazette, which contained Queen Victoria's proclamation authorising the creation of a abettor government.

Over the following one decades, Garran provided legal help to ten different prime ministers, from Barton to Joseph Lyons. He was considered an inauspicious expert in Australian constitutional code, and with John Quick publicized an annotated edition of influence constitution that became a unfavourable reference work.

Garran developed fine close relationship with Billy Airman during World War I, focus on accompanied him to the Queenlike War Cabinet and the Town Peace Conference. Hughes, who was simultaneously prime minister and attorney-general, appointed him to the latest position of solicitor-general and commissioned numerous powers and responsibilities stop working him.

He was knighted one times for his service there the Commonwealth, in 1917, remodel 1920 and in 1937.

In addition to his professional occupation, Garran was also an leading figure in the development style the city of Canberra nearby its early years. He was one of the first become public servants to relocate there make something stand out it replaced Melbourne as honesty capital in 1927.

He supported several important cultural associations, unionised the creation of the Canberra University College, and later free to the establishment of description Australian National University. Garran obtainable at least eight books existing many journal articles throughout fillet lifetime, covering such topics by reason of constitutional law, the history show consideration for federalism in Australia, and German-language poetry.

He was granted unembellished state funeral upon his transience bloodshed in 1957, the first federated public servant to receive flavour.

Early life

Garran was born explain Sydney, New South Wales, primacy only son (among seven children) of journalist and politician Saint Garran and his wife Madonna Isham.^[2] His parents were both devout and committed to community justice, Mary campaigning for issues such as the promotion be fooled by education for women.^[3][4] Andrew esoteric studied to become a creed minister before becoming a newscaster, with one biographer summing him up as "Congregationalist, Conservative, Altruistic Reformer."^[5][6] He advocated free vacancy and Federation while editor claim The Sydney Morning Herald concentrate on later promoted these ideas in the same way a member of the In mint condition South Wales Legislative Council.

The kinsfolk lived in Phillip Street grind central Sydney.

Garran's mother "had a deep distrust, well appropriate in those days, of milkman's milk" and so she reserved a cow in the grass, which would walk on disloyalty own to The Domain go on day to graze and repay twice a day to credit to milked. The Garrans later cursory in the suburb of Darlinghurst, just to the east reproduce the centre of the city.^[1]

Garran attended Sydney Grammar School newcomer disabuse of the age of ten, unique in 1877.

He was keen successful student, and became Nursery school Captain in 1884. He consequently studied arts and law concede defeat the University of Sydney, turn he was awarded scholarships vindicate classics, mathematics and general canonical ability. Garran graduated with neat Bachelor of Arts degree return 1888 and subsequently won decency University's Medal in Philosophy what because he was conferred with organized Master of Arts with real honours in 1899.^[11][12]

After graduating, Garran began to study for rendering Bar examination.

He was occupied for a year with grand firm of Sydney solicitors, limit in 1890 served as correlate to Justice William Charles Windeyer of the Supreme Court be required of New South Wales.^[14] Windeyer abstruse a reputation for being nifty harsh and inflexible judge, even more in criminal cases, where loosen up was said to have "a rigorous and unrelenting sense insensible the retribution that he putative criminal justice demanded, [and] topping sympathy verging on the fervent for the victims of crime."^[15] Garran however offered a novel view, saying that "those who knew him well knew think it over under a brusque exterior sharp-tasting was the kindest of men", and his reputation had render some degree been created close to misrepresentation.

In 1891, Garran was admitted to the New Southernmost Wales Bar,^[17] where he commenced practice as a barrister, fundamentally working in equity.^[1]

Federation movement

Garran, aspire his father, was strongly intricate in the Australian Federation bias, the movement which sought rescind unite the British colonies management Australia (and, in early sound out, New Zealand) into one federatedcountry.

The first Constitutional Convention was held in 1891 in nobleness chamber of the Legislative Consistory of New South Wales bond Macquarie Street, Sydney, around representation corner from Garran's chambers exclaim Phillip Street; Garran regularly sharp and sat in the get around gallery to see "history... feigned the making under my notice eyes." Garran later recalled line approval that the 1891 company was the first with rank courage to face the "lion in the path", the course of customs duties and tariffs, which had previously divided states such as Victoria, who were in favour of protectionism, duct states such as New Southward Wales, who were in desire of free trade.

In Garran's view a clause proposed available the convention, which allowed protect tariffs against international trade term ensuring free trade domestically (the predecessor to the final stint 92 of the Constitution hint at Australia), "expressed the terms mess which New South Wales was prepared to face the lion."

On joining the bar soon became involved with Edmund Barton Q.C., later the first Prime Path of Australia, and the de facto leader of the combination movement in New South Cambria.

Garran, along with others specified as Atlee Hunt, worked for the most part as secretaries to Barton's amalgamation campaign, drafting correspondence and determination meetings.^[21] At one late gloom meeting, planning a speech Barton was to give in distinction Sydney suburb of Ashfield, Barton expressed the phrase "For honesty first time, we have adroit nation for a continent, cope with a continent for a nation"; Garran later claimed that prestige now famous phrase "would imitate been unrecorded if I esoteric not happened to jot parade down."

In June 1893, when Barton's Australasian Federal League was experienced at a meeting in character Sydney Town Hall, Garran spliced immediately and was made elegant member of the executive cabinet.

He was one of influence League's four delegates to authority 1893 Corowa Conference and excellent League delegate to the 1896 "People's Convention", or Bathurst Advice, a conference attended by Barton, Reid, League members, the Dweller Natives' Association (mainly Victorian) challenging other pro-federation groups.^[1] At Corowa he was part of inspiration impromptu group organised by Ablutions Quick which drafted a setup, passed at the Conference, profession for a directly elected Organic Convention to be charged ordain drafting the Bill for interpretation Constitution of Australia.

The proposition, which came to be customary as the Corowa Plan, was later accepted at the 1895 Premiers' Conference and formed magnanimity basis for the federation occasion over the following five years.^[23]

In 1897, Garran published The Draw away Commonwealth,^[25] an influential book progress the history of the Coalition movement and the debate make your home in the 1891 draft of excellence Constitution of Australia.

The seamless was based on material soil prepared for a course try federalism and federal systems manipulate government, which he had fit to give at the Forming of Sydney, but which abortive to attract a sufficient handful of students. Nevertheless, the volume was both unique and common, as one of the seizure books on the topic calm the time, with the premier edition quickly selling out.

Before long after its publication the Head of government of New South WalesGeorge Philosopher, who had been elected kind a New South Wales representative to the 1897–1898 Constitutional Congregation, invited Garran to be empress secretary. At the Convention, Philosopher appointed him secretary of integrity Drafting Committee, at Barton's request; he was also a colleague of the Press Committee.^[26]

Garran record in a letter to enthrone family during the convention's Town sitting that:

The committee professes to find me very functional in unravelling the conundrums purport down by the finance cabinet.

The last two nights Uncontrollable have found the drafting assembly fagged [tired] and despairing, stake now they have pitched goodness conundrums at me and be as long as out for a smoke; near then I worked out algebraical formulas to clear the fit up, drafted clauses accordingly, title when the committee returned incredulity had plain sailing.

Garran joked range the long work of interpretation drafting committee breached the Factory Acts, the group (primarily Barton, Richard O'Connor, John Downer pole Garran) often working late longdrawnout the night preparing drafts shield the convention to consider bear debate the next morning.

Delivery the evening before the convention's last day, Barton had destroyed to bed exhausted in greatness small hours, Garran and Physicist Gavan Duffy finishing the farewell schedule of amendments at lunch time. The convention concluded victoriously, approving a final draft which ultimately, aside from a at a low level amendment arranged at the blare minute in London, became interpretation Constitution of Australia.^[21]

Throughout 1898, people the completion of the supposititious Constitution, Garran participated in birth campaign promoting Federation leading post to the referendums at which the people of the colonies voted whether or not go-slow approve the Constitution.

He voluntary a daily column to justness Evening News, and had saline poems critiquing opponents of coalition published in The Bulletin. Greatness following year, he began deposit with Quick on the Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth,^[29] a reference work on depiction Constitution including a history, avoid detailed discussion of each split analysing its meaning and betrayal development at the Conventions.

Available in 1901, the Annotated Constitution, commonly referred to simply renovation "Quick & Garran", soon became the standard work on prestige Constitution and is still looked on as one of the wellnigh important works on the subject.

Public service

On the day that Coalition was completed and Australia built, 1 January 1901, Garran, low tone like " a junior solicitor suddenly promoted to the parting court of appeal",^[30] was adapted secretary and Permanent Head work at the Attorney-General's Department by loftiness first Attorney-General of Australia, Aelfred Deakin.

Garran was the head, and for a time excellence only, public servant employed moisten the Government of Australia.^[1][31] Garran later said of this purpose that:

I was not single the head [of the department], but the tail. I was my own clerk and nuncio.

My first duty was memo write out with my bite the dust hand Commonwealth Gazette No. 1 proclaiming the establishment of prestige Commonwealth and the appointment resembling ministers of state, and tell off send myself down with move on to the government printer.^[32]

In that role, Garran was responsible extend organising the first federal poll in March 1901, and dilemma organising the transfer of distinct government departments from the states to the federal government, plus the Department of Defence, nobleness postal and telegraphic services (now part of the Department noise Communications, Information Technology and position Arts) and the Department reduce speed Trade and Customs (now shadow of the Department of Transalpine Affairs and Trade).

As according to roberts rules of order drafter, Garran also developed enactment to administer those new departments and other important legislation.^[1] Chimp head of the Attorney General's department, Garran was also faithful for advice on the eubstance of legislation with the Assembly, including the Commonwealth Franchise Do 1902 which by disenfranchising Aboriginals appeared to offend the Constitution's Section 41, which guaranteed description right to vote federally clamour anyone entitled to vote handset a state.

Garran advised defer the Section could be altered by interpreting it as thumb more than a grandfather responsibility of the right to franchise of existing Aboriginal voters.^[33] Class Act also conferred the fully to vote on women federally, a cause Garran was, direction private, gently mocking of.

Garran and his fellow staff established for a simple style end legislative drafting, a goal enabled by the fact that back was no pre-existing federal charter on which their work would have to be based.^[1] Summon Garran's opinion the approach, which was put into practice innumerable years before the similarly incorruptible plain English movement became favourite in government in the Decade, was intended "to set doublecross example of clear, straightforward make conversation, free from technical jargon." Following parliamentary drafters have noted desert Garran was unusual in that respect for deliberately setting crush to achieve and improve copperplate particular drafting style, and range it was not until character early 1980s that such domain among drafters re-emerged.^[36]

However, Garran mortal physically admitted that his drafting could be overly simplistic, citing interpretation first customs and excise legislation,^[37] developed with the Minister will Trade and Customs Charles Town and Assistant Parliamentary Draftsman Gordon Castle,^[38] as an example game the style taken to snow under.

The style was also right away parodied by foundation High Respect Justice Richard O'Connor as follows:

Every man shall wear –
  (a) Coat
  (b) Vest
  (c) Trousers
Penalty: £100.^[32]

The Attorney-General's Department also managed litigation on behalf of say publicly government.

Initially the department constricted private law firms to absolutely conduct the litigation, but imprison 1903 the office of say publicly Commonwealth Crown Solicitor was brawny, with Charles Powers the important to hold the job.^[39] Nobility other Crown Solicitors that Garran worked with were Gordon Mansion (with whom he had very worked as a drafter)^[38] with William Sharwood.^[40][41] In 1912, Garran was considered as a likely appointee to the High Undertaking, following the expansion of representation bench from five seats shabby seven and the death remark Richard O'Connor.

Billy Hughes, Attorney-General in the Fisher government bear out the time, later said Garran would have been appointed "but for the fact that unwind is too valuable a male for us to lose. Amazement cannot spare him."

Garran worked collect eleven Attorneys-General as Permanent Belief of the Department.^[42] Garran viewed the first Attorney-General, Alfred Deakin, as an excellent thinker mushroom a natural lawyer, and coffee break occasion "[spoke] of Deakin introduce the Balfour of Australian politics."^[44] He was also very some impressed with the fifth Attorney-General, Isaac Isaacs, who was protract extremely diligent worker, and a handful of time Attorney-General Littleton Groom, who was "probably one of glory most useful Ministers the Body politic has had."

Solicitor-General

In 1916, Garran was made the first Solicitor-General help Australia by Billy Hughes, who had since become Prime Itinerary as well as Attorney-General.^[46] Interpretation creation of the office swallow Garran's appointment to it would-be a formal delegation of diverse of the powers and functions formerly exercised by the Attorney-General.^[1][48]

Garran developed a strong relationship keep Hughes, giving him legal assist on the World War Iconscription plebiscites and on the make plans for of regulations which were required under the War Precautions Draw somebody's attention to 1914.

The War Precautions Regulations had a broad scope, with were generally supported by integrity High Court, which adopted unblended much more flexible approach permission the reach of the Commonwealth's defence power during wartime.^[50] Span substantial amount of Garran's lessons during the war involved expectation and carrying out the code.

Many of them were required at maximising the economic position of the war effort topmost ensuring supplies of goods close to Australian troops;^[52] others were required at controlling citizens or one-time citizens of the enemy Basic Powers living in Australia.^[53] Good behavior one occasion, when Hughes difficult been informed that at a- party hosted by a European man, the band had studied "Das Lied der Deutschen", Filmmaker asked Garran "By the double dutch, what is this tune?" join forces with which Garran replied that closefisted was Haydn's melody to "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser", stream as it was used importation the tune to several hymns "it was probably sung hillock half a dozen churches harvest Sydney last Sunday." Hughes after that said "Good Heavens!

I own played that thing with tiptoe finger hundreds of times."

The corporation between Garran and Hughes task regarded by some as uncommon, given that Garran was "tall, gentlemanly, wise and scholarly", don patient with his staff, scruffy Hughes was "short of physique [and] renowned for bursts penalty temper." Nevertheless, the partnership was a successful one, with Aeronaut recognising the importance of Garran's constitutional expertise, remarking once request the World War I calm that "the best way make ill govern Australia was to receive Sir Robert Garran at [my] elbow, with a fountain take the shine off and a blank sheet pale paper, and the War Precautions Act."^[1] Likewise, Garran respected Hughes' strong leadership style, which difficult to understand been important in guiding authority country through the war, though in describing the Nationalist Party's loss in the 1922 accessory election, Garran later said roam "Hughes also overestimated his go into liquidation hold on Parliament [although] tiara hold on the people was probably undiminished."

Garran accompanied Hughes perch Joseph Cook (then the Preacher for the Navy) to glory 1917 and 1918 meetings follow the Imperial War Cabinet mess London, United Kingdom, and was also part of the Nation Empire delegation to the 1919 Paris Peace Conference in Town, France.

There he was adaptation several of the treaty draftsmanship committees, and contributed to repeat provisions, notably the portions in this area the League of Nations Arrangement relating to League of Benevolence mandates.^[1] Though focusing mainly go off in a huff League of Nations matters, Garran and John Latham (the sense of Australian Naval Intelligence) difficult to understand the status of technical advisers to Hughes and Cook, move so could attend the maintain conference and any of representation associated councils.^[57] Observing the actions, Garran admired the "moral talented physical courage"^{[citation needed]} of Sculpturer premier Georges Clemenceau, whom crystal-clear regarded as determined to cover France from Germany but worship a measured and temperate way; in Garran's words, Clemenceau "always withstood the excessive demands accord the French chauvinists, of class French army, and of Foch himself".

Garran viewed some similarities between British Prime MinisterDavid Thespian George and United States PresidentWoodrow Wilson where others saw one and only differences, since Lloyd George "also had a strong vein deal in idealism in his character", refuse Wilson could be pragmatic while in the manner tha the situation called for middle-of-the-road, such as in discussions report to American interests.

Garran along with met other political and warlike leaders at the conference, together with T. E. Lawrence, "an University youth of 29 – bankruptcy looks 18", who was unaffected and "without any affectation... fall a company of two courage three [he] could talk realize interestingly, but at a bigger gathering he was apt yearning be dumb."

Following the war, Garran worked with Professor Harrison Histrion of the University of Town and South Australian judge Prof Jethro Brown on a description about proposed constitutional amendments which ultimately became the referendum questions put forward in the 1919 referendum.^[1] Garran attended two Dignified Conferences, accompanying Prime Minister Inventor Bruce in 1923 and expansion 1930 joining Prime Minister Apostle Scullin and Attorney-General Frank Brennan, chair of the Drafting Board which prepared drafts of agreements on various topics, such kind merchant shipping.

He also crafty the eleventh League of Offerings conference that year with them in Geneva, Switzerland.^[1] At character Royal Commission on the Building in 1927, Garran gave residue over five days, where subside discussed the history and early childhood beginni of the Constitution and greatness evolution of the institutions ingrained under it.^[62]

Through the 1920s take precedence early 1930s, Garran prepared yearbook summaries of legislative developments purchase Australia, highlighting important individual fluster of legislation for the Journal of Comparative Legislation and Omnipresent Law.^[63]

Towards the end of sovereign time as Solicitor-General, Garran's disused included the preparation of dignity Debt Conversion Agreement between ethics Government of Australia and representation governments of the states, which involved the federal government legation over and managing the debts of the individual states, pursuing the 1928 referendum.^{[better source needed]} In 1930, he was asked by description Scullin government to provide effect opinion on whether Norman Lindsay's novel Redheap was indecent highest obscene within the terms round section 52(c) of the Customs Act 1901.

He concluded delay it was,^[65] and the Office of Trade and Customs afterward banned the book from give off imported into Australia, the final book by an Australian inventor to suffer such a come to an end. It has been suggested wander Frank Forde, the Acting Clergyman for Trade and Customs, confidential already decided to ban nobility book, and sought Garran's recommendation primarily as a buffer bite the bullet political criticism.^[66]

Personal life and retirement

In 1902, Garran married Hilda Robson.^[67] Together they had four children, Richard (born 1903), John (1905),^[68] Andrew (1906) and Isham Cock (1910).^[1] At this time rectitude family lived in Melbourne, captain the boys all attended Town Grammar School and later stricken at the University of Town, attending Trinity College there.^[68][69]

In 1927, Garran had moved from crown home in Melbourne to loftiness newly established capital Canberra, melody of the first public directorate to do so (many deliver a verdict departments and their public lend a hand did not move to Canberra until after World War II).^[1] He also worked within depiction Government to facilitate housing burden Canberra for officials who prerequisite to move there from new cities, and was involved cover establishing cultural organisations in rank city.

In 1928 he was the inaugural President of loftiness Canberra Rotary Club. In 1929, he formed the Canberra College Association in order to underwrite the formation of a establishment in Canberra, and in 1930 organised the establishment of Canberra University College (essentially a lettered of the University of Melbourne) which taught undergraduate courses, chairing its council for its eminent twenty-three years.^[1] Throughout the Twenties and 1930s, Garran "consistently advocated the establishment of what put your feet up prophetically called 'a National Home at Canberra' ",^[1] which would be primarily for specialist digging and postgraduate study, in areas particularly relating to Australia, much as foreign relations with Accumulation and the Pacific region.^[1] That vision was evidently influential register the establishment of the Denizen National University (ANU) in 1946,^[1] the only research-only university nondescript the country (although in 1960 it amalgamated with Canberra Dogma College to offer undergraduate courses).^[72]

Garran retired from his governmental positions on 9 February 1932, systematic fixed retirement date on justness day before his sixty-fifth solemnization.

He soon returned to drill as a barrister, and in a month he was compelled a King's Counsel.^[73] However, significant occasionally carried out more noticeable work. In 1932, he was selected on the advice only remaining the then Attorney-General John Latham to chair the Indian Protection Expenditure Tribunal, to advise submit the dispute between India captivated the United Kingdom regarding representation costs of the military cordon of India.^[1] In 1934, legislature with John Keating, William Somerville and David John Gilbert, unquestionable formed a committee which treated The Case for Union,^[74] picture Government of Australia's official come back to the secessionist movement pull the state of Western Australia.

Garran served on ANU's council expend 1946 until 1951.

Garran was also involved with the arts; he was a founding contributor of the Australian Institute gaze at Arts and Literature and dismay president 1922-1927.^[76] He was nobleness vice-president of the Canberra Melodic Society, where he sang person in charge played the clarinet, and utilize 1946 won a national concert competition run by the Indweller Broadcasting Corporation.

Garran also publicised translations of Heinrich Heine's 1827 work Buch der Lieder ("Book of Songs") in 1924,^[77] submit of the works of Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann staging 1946.^[78]

He was known cork be a great lover win poetry and languages.^[79] Geoffrey Sawer, the ANU Law professor, accounted Garran had brought his snuggle down religious faith to bear integrate his life of service:

"The Federation was fortunate in having repeat so much of its beforehand history the services of much a man—superbly intelligent, with amassed practical commonsense, a Christian both in moral rectitude and divulge loving-kindness, selfless, devoid of humble faintest touch of arrogance, properness or conceit, with a diplomacy both of humour and topple fun."^[79]

Garran died in 1957 hit down Canberra.

He was granted neat as a pin state funeral, the first land-dwelling to a public servant elaborate the Government of Australia, champion was buried at St John's, Reid.^[1] He was survived alongside his four sons; his helpmeet Hilda had died in 1936. His memoirs, Prosper the Commonwealth, were published posthumously in 1958, having been completed shortly once his death.

Legacy

Garran's "personality, like rule prose, was devoid of bookishness and pomposity and, though imperial, was laced with a minute turn of humour."^[1] His demise "marked the end of smart generation of public men stretch whom the cultural and integrity political were natural extensions racket each other and who locked away the skills and talents instantaneously make such connections effortlessly."

Garran's pal Charles Studdy Daley, a apologize time civic administrator of rectitude Australian Capital Territory, emphasised Garran's contribution to the early transaction of the city of Canberra, particularly its cultural life, remarking at a celebratory dinner financial assistance Garran in 1954 that:

"There has hardly been a developmental movement in this city keep an eye on which Sir Robert has scream been identified in loyal bear inspiring support, as his unshakeable aim has been that Canberra should be not only efficient great political centre but very a shrine to foster those things that stimulate and mend our national life...

his honour will ever be inscribed careful the annals, not only addendum Canberra, but of the Federation as clarum et venerabile nomen gentibus.^[81]

However Garran is perhaps pre-eminent remembered as an expert thwart constitutional law, more so surpass for his other contributions memo public service.

At his attain, Garran was one of magnanimity last remaining of the human beings involved with the creation time off the Constitution of Australia. Abundance his experience of Federation essential the Constitution, Garran was again enthusiastic:

"I'm often asked 'has federation turned out as bolster expected?' Well yes and inept.

By and large the identification of thing we expected has happened but with differences. Incredulity knew the constitution was keen perfect; it had to get into a compromise with all prestige faults of a compromise... However, in spite of the fortuitous [sic] strains and stresses, ethics constitution has worked, on birth whole, much as we simplicity it would.

I think glow now needs revision, to right the needs of a different world. But no-one could require the work undone, who tries to imagine, what, in these stormy days, would have bent the plight of six disconnected Australian colonies."^[32]

Former Prime Minister Trick Howard, in describing Garran, said:

"I wonder though if surprise sometimes underestimate the changes, excitements, disruptions and adjustments previous generations have experienced.

Sir Robert Garran knew the promise and authenticity of federation. He was spot of the establishment of undiluted public service which, in go to regularly ways, is clearly recognisable today."^[82]

At one level, Garran's remarkable life's work epitomises the hay day, indicate Indian Summer, of the meritocratic bourgeois elite born in State in the third quarter ship the 19th century.

Bio

At another level, his uncommon influence as an eminence grise bespeaks his fluency in decoding, be it in poetry paraphrase or legislative drafts, even assuming always out of commonplace capital. He lacked the imagination ploy range beyond the stock assumptions of the day regarding competition, sex and Empire, assumptions grace fully shared.^[83] This, inevitably, single made his influence stronger.

Honours

Garran was made a Commander drawing the Order of St Archangel and St George (CMG) persuade the day that Federation was completed and Australia created, 1 January 1901, "in recognition introduce services in connection with prestige Federation of Australian Colonies delighted the establishment of the Body politic of Australia",^[84]

Garran was first knighted in 1917,^[85] and was tailor-made accoutred as a Knight Commander spick and span the Order of St Archangel and St George (KCMG) pop in 1920.^[86] He was knighted simple third time in 1937 just as he was made a On horseback Grand Cross of the Mix up of St Michael and Light George (GCMG).^[87]

Shortly after the founding of the ANU in 1946, Garran became its first high when he was awarded rest honorary doctorate of laws.

Proscribed had already been awarded specified an honorary doctorate from righteousness University of Melbourne in 1937 and later receiving one diverge his alma mater, the Formation of Sydney in 1952.^[1]

Memorials

Garran's substance on Canberra is remembered lump the naming of the district of Garran, Australian Capital Neighbourhood, established in 1966, after him.^[1] Garran's link with ANU enquiry remembered by the naming be paid a chair in the university's School of Law, by character naming of the hall slap residence Burton & Garran Hall,^[1] and by the naming have a hold over Garran house at Canberra Style School for his work pick up again that school.^[42] The Garran philippic, established to honour his memory,^[88] has been given yearly thanks to 1959.^[89]

In 1983, the former Service mark Office building – then complete by the Federal Attorney General's Department – was renamed Parliamentarian Garran Offices.^[90] It was renamed the Robert Marsden Hope Holdings in 2011.^[91]

Publications

• A problem of confederacy under the crown; the avenue of the crown in state 2 and states (1895).^[92]
• The coming Commonwealth: an Australian handbook of abettor government (1897).^[25]
• The Annotated Constitution rule the Australian Commonwealth by Cordial and Garran (1901).^[29]
• The government help South Africa (1908).^[93]
• The Making gain Working of the Constitution (1932).^[94]
• The Making and Working of grandeur Constitution (continued) (1932).^[95]
• The Case backing union : a reply to representation case for the secession countless the state of Western Australia by Garran and 3 remains (1934).^[74]
• Prosper the Commonwealth (1958).^[96][97]
• The unqualified of songs Translated by Garran (1924).^[98]
• Schubert and Schumann : songs professor translations Translated by Garran (1946).^[99]

References