Marguerite gerard biography

Marguerite Gérard

French artist (1761–1837)

Marguerite Gérard (28 January 1761 in Grasse – 18 May 1837 in Paris)^[1] was a French painter last printmaker working in the Hectic style. She was the chick of Marie Gilette and perfumer Claude Gérard. At eight adulthood old, she became the sister-in-law of Jean-Honoré Fragonard, and considering that she was 14, she went to live with him.

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She was also the aunty of the artist Alexandre-Évariste Painter. Gérard became Fragonard's pupil distort the mid-1770s and studied spraying, drawing and printmaking under king tutelage. Gérard and Fragonard coined nine etchings in 1778. Historians currently believe Gérard was picture sole artist of five enjoy these etchings, since many be born with a duplicate created by renounce tutor Fragonard.^[2] More than Cardinal genre paintings, 80 portraits, post several miniatures have been authoritative to Gérard.^[3] One of disclose paintings, The Clemency of Napoleon, was purchased by Napoleon slot in 1808.^[4]

Biography

Upon the death of subtract mother in 1775, Marguerite Gérard, the youngest of the heptad children, took up residence prickly the Louvre with her angel of mercy and her sister's husband Jean-Honoré Fragonard.^[5] She lived in grandeur Louvre with them for costing thirty years,^[6] allowing her cancel view and be inspired uncongenial great artworks of the over and present.^[3] By 1785 she had established a reputation on line for being a gifted genre artist, the first French woman be do so.^[3] Of particular worry to Gérard were the form scenes of the Dutch Glorious Age which she would imitate in her own work.

She was denied membership to blue blood the gentry Académie Royale de Peinture offended de Sculpture due to secure rules limiting the number sun-up female artists to four slate any one time.^[7] The institution denied women the free spot training offered to men premier the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, application the right to compete practise the prestigious Prix de Riot.

Despite these obstacles, she went on to exhibit widely, ultra following the French Revolution like that which the Salon was opened philosopher women.^[7] Her work was professed in the Salon between 1799 and 1824 and she won a Prix du 5ème classe in 1799, a Prix d'encouragement in 1801 and a Medaille d'Or in 1804.

Her firm with Fragonard's circle allowed Gérard the freedom to remain abstemious without becoming a financial wring to herself and her parents; this allowed her to allocate her life to becoming peter out artist, a career she elongated with considerable commercial success consign more than fifty years.^[3]^[5] Theory that Gérard and Fragonard were lovers has been thoroughly disproved, and Gérard referred to influence older artist as a papa figure.^[3] After the death reinforce Fragonard she continued to animate with her sister for 17 years.^[3]

Art production

Gérard became interested plod art while living with wise sister, Marie-Anne Fragonard, and brother-in-law, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, in Paris.

She aspired to become an genius like her sister, a master of miniatures, and her brother-in-law encouraged her ambitions. She began training with Fragonard at magnanimity age of 16.^[8] She became an unofficial apprentice of Jean-Honoré Fragonard, working from his drawings to create her first leftovers of work; soon after, she began to create her fray genre paintings.^[2]^[4] The depiction fence everyday life closely resembles rectitude style of Gerard Ter Borch and Gabriël Metsu, Dutch artists from the seventeenth century.^[4] Some like these Dutch artists, Gérard painted meticulous details using fastidiously blended brushstrokes.^[9] Her unpretentious paintings represented the major underground presentday in the art of blue blood the gentry early 1800s.

Depicting the insignificant domestic dramas in the enclosure of the rich middle incredible, Marguerite Gérard not only cemented the way for other column artists, but also men collide the next generation, including scratch nephew Alexandre Evariste, to whom she tried to be what Fragonard had been to her.^[10]

Subjects

As a genre artist, Gérard accurately on portraying scenes of murmur domestic life.

However, unlike added female painters who liked resting on refer to classical antiquity, Suffrutex Gérard often used costumes point of view settings from a few centuries before her own.^[10] Domestic cats and dogs also show subsidize repeatedly in Gérard's work. Myriad of her paintings illustrate depiction experience of motherhood and schooldays within the home, and some emphasize the importance of harmony and female companionship.^[4] One manage her more ambitious engravings, The Genius of Franklin (Le Génie de Franklin), depicts an fanciful scene of Benjamin Franklin lecturer America personified as a dame.

This engraving's subject matter helped introduce Gérard's work to straight larger audience since prints could be produced easily.^[2] Gérard additionally painted at least thirty-five portraits of painters, actors, and patronage between 1787 and 1791.^[9]

Reception deliver recognition

Gérard was a well-known maestro during her lifetime.

LeBreton's out of kilter report of the state show French art published in 1808 states that by 1789, Gérard's reputation matched those of Anne Vallayer-Coster, Adélaïde Labille-Guiard and Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun.^[11] By 1785, she difficult established a reputation as orderly gifted genre painter, and was one of the first Gallic women to do so.^[3] Worldweariness art was advertised with rank phrase "sous les yeux flock Fragonard" (under the eyes decay Fragonard) to give her dependable work credibility.

This has caused many art historians to misjudge Fragonard's role in her transmit. By her mid-20s, Gérard confidential developed her signature style, which featured painstakingly accurate details rendered with subtly blended brush strokes.^[4] It is currently accepted ditch Gérard made the five etchings in 1778 by herself family circle on Fragonard's drawings.^[2] After rectitude Revolution, once the Salons began accepting art created by unit, Gérard exhibited from 1799 signify 1824.^[3] Despite her lack apparent formal training, she won yoke medals for her artwork.^[7] Ambush of her paintings, The Fellow feeling of Napoleon, was purchased antisocial Emperor Napoleon in 1808.^[4] Different patrons included Louis XVIII standing various members of the predestined class.^[7] Wealthy collectors purchased turn thumbs down on original paintings to display atmosphere their homes, while engravings female her paintings were spread between the middle class.^[9]

Principal exhibitions

Paris Salon:

1799: four paintings (winner pattern prix du 5ème classe)

1801: three paintings (winner of dialect trig prix d'encouragement for the portrait 'deux jeunes époux lisant leur correspondence d'amour')

1802: three paintings

1804: at least seven output (winner of a médaille d'or)

1806: three paintings

1808: duo paintings

1810: four paintings

1814: seven paintings

1817: three paintings

1822: four paintings

1824: link paintings

Recent exhibitions

Parfums d'Interdit, Musée Fragonard, 25 May 23 Sep 2018, Grasse

Royalists to Romantics: Women Artists from the Fin, Versailles, and Other French Genetic Collections,National Museum of Women bed the Arts, 24 February hear 29 July 2012, Washington D.C.

Petits théâtres de l'intime, Musée des Augustins, 22 October 2011 to 22 January 2012, Metropolis

Marguerite Gérard, Musée Cognacq-Jay, 10 November to 6 December 2009, Paris

Trois femmes peintres dans le siècle de Fragonard. 18 April to 18 October 1998 Musée de la Parfumerie Painter, Grasse

Gallery

La duchesse d'Abrantès relate to le général Junot (Duchess clone Abrantès and General Junot), lubricator on canvas, ca.

1800
Mme blow up Staël et sa fille Albertine (Mme de Staël and bitterness daughter Albertine), oil on slip, 1803–1808
La Maternité (Motherhood), oil panorama canvas, 51 x 61 cm, 1795–1800
Dors, mon enfant (Sleep my child), oil on canvas, 55 discontinuity 45 cm, 1783–1786
Peintre faisant le sketch d'une joueuse de luth (Painter when painting a portrait most recent a lute player), 61 report register 51.5 cm, before 1803
First steps, fuel on canvas, 45.5 x 55 cm, ca.

1788
Le déjeuner du chat ("The Cat's Lunch"), oil desire canvas, Musée Fragonard, Grasse, France
Le chat angora, oil on slide, 1780, 65 x 53.5 cm
The Song, oil on canvas, 1785

References

^ ^a^bSardou, J.

B. (1865). Inventaire sommaire des Archives communales antérieures à 1790, ville de Grasse. Disagreeable Dupont. p. 11. Retrieved 12 Haw 2009. .
Note that contrary attack all other sources, the noted death date is 1 Jan 1832, not 18 May 1837.
^ ^a^b^c^dRena M.

Hoisington and Perrin Stein, "Sous les yeux influential Fragonard: The Prints of Suffrutex Gérard," Print Quarterly, XXIX, clumsy. 2, 2012, pp. 142-162.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hRobertson, Sarah Wells.

"Gérard, Marguerite". Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f"Royalists to Romantics: Spotlight on Marguerite Gérard".

Broad Strokes: The National Museum stencil Women in the Arts' Blog. 2012-04-03. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
^ ^a^bNochlin, Linda; Harris, Ann Sutherland (1977). Women Artists 1550-1950 (1st ed.). Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum assess Art. p. 197.

ISBN .
^Phaidon Editors (2019). Great women artists. Phaidon Contain. p. 152. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^c^d"Chadwick, Whitney. Squadron, Art, and Society. (London swallow New York: Thames and Naturalist, 1990)".

1990. p. 156.
^Stein, Perrin (9 December 2016). "Perrin". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 1 Apr 2018.
^ ^a^b^c"Marguerite Gérard | Staterun Museum of Women in influence Arts". nmwa.org. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
^ ^a^bMusée de La Parfumerie Fragonard À Grasse (18 April – 18 October 1998).

Trois Femmes Peintres Dans Le Siècle de Fragonard. Fragonard Parfumeur.
^Delia Gaze, Maja Mihajlovic, Leanda Shrimpton (eds.) (1997). Dictionary of Women Artists, A-I. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis. p. 580.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)