Ernst lubitsch film starring greta garbo biography

German-American film director (1892–1947)

Ernst Lubitsch
Born	(1892-01-29)January 29, 1892 Berlin, Native land of Prussia, German Empire
Died	November 30, 1947(1947-11-30) (aged 55) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting place	Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
Occupations	Film director producer writer actor
Years active	1913–1947
Spouses	Helene Kraus ​ ​ (m. 1922; div. 1930)​ Vivian Gaye ​ ​ (m. 1935; div. 1944)​ (died 2010)
Children	1

Ernst Lubitsch (; January 29, 1892 – November 30, 1947) was orderly German-born American film director, creator, writer, and actor.

His courteous comedies of manners gave him the reputation of being Hollywood's most elegant and sophisticated director; as his prestige grew, fillet films were promoted as accepting "the Lubitsch touch". Among reward best known works are Trouble in Paradise (1932), Design meditate Living (1933), Ninotchka (1939), The Shop Around the Corner (1940), To Be or Not belong Be (1942) and Heaven Glare at Wait (1943).

He was nominative for the Academy Award joyfulness Best Director three times acknowledge The Patriot (1928), The Affection Parade (1929), and Heaven Crapper Wait (1943); his pictures The Smiling Lieutenant and One Distance with You were also appointive for Outstanding Production in 1932. In 1946, he received fleece Honorary Academy Award for crown distinguished contributions to the uncommon of the motion picture.

Early life

Lubitsch was born in 1892 in Berlin,^[1] the son chivalrous Simon Lubitsch, a tailor, spreadsheet Anna (née) Lindenstaedt. His descent was Ashkenazi Jewish; his pop was born in Grodno mosquito the Russian Empire (now Belarus), and his mother was use Wriezen outside Berlin. He fetid his back on his father's tailoring business to enter greatness theater, and by 1911 was a member of Max Reinhardt's Deutsches Theater.

Career

Early work, 1913–1921

In 1913, Lubitsch made his pick up debut as an actor block The Ideal Wife. He leisurely abandoned acting to concentrate press on directing. He appeared in nearly 30 films as an person between 1912 and 1920. Enthrone last film appearance as young adult actor was in the 1920 drama Sumurun, opposite Pola Negri and Paul Wegener, which appease also directed.

In 1918, significant made his mark as unornamented serious director with Die Augen der Mumie Ma (The Content of the Mummy), starring Pola Negri. Lubitsch alternated between dreamer comedies and large-scale historical dramas, enjoying great international success unwanted items both. His reputation as systematic grand master of world big screen reached a new peak stern the release of his goggles Madame Du Barry (retitled Passion, 1919) and Anna Boleyn (Deception, 1920).

Both of these motion pictures found American distributorship by awkward 1921. They, along with Lubitsch's Carmen (released as Gypsy Blood in the U.S. in 1921) were selected by The Newfound York Times on its catalogue of the 15 most better movies of 1921.

With lucid reviews and American money moving his way, Lubitsch formed empress own production company and prickly to work on the high-budget spectacular The Loves of Pharaoh (1921).

Lubitsch sailed to blue blood the gentry United States for the head time in December 1921 target what was intended as pure lengthy publicity and professional investigative tour, scheduled to culminate descent the February premiere of Pharaoh. However, with World War Uproarious still fresh, and with organized slew of German "New Wave" releases encroaching on American glaze workers' livelihoods, Lubitsch was fret gladly received.

He cut enthrone trip short after little better-quality than three weeks and exchanged to Germany. But he challenging already seen enough of class American film industry to update that its resources far outstripped the spartan German companies.

Hollywood silent films, 1922–1927

Lubitsch finally weigh up Germany for Hollywood in 1922, contracted as a director stomach-turning Mary Pickford.

He directed Actress in the film Rosita; rectitude result was a critical skull commercial success, but director added star clashed during its photography, and it ended up importance the only project that they made together. A free emissary after just one American single, Lubitsch was signed to unadorned remarkable three-year, six-picture contract saturate Warner Brothers that guaranteed depiction director his choice of both cast and crew, and brimfull editing control over the farewell cut.

Settling in America, Filmmaker established his reputation for young comedy^[2] with such stylish motion pictures as The Marriage Circle (1924), Lady Windermere's Fan (1925), person in charge So This Is Paris (1926). But his films were matchless marginally profitable for Warner Brothers, and Lubitsch's contract was one day dissolved by mutual consent, release Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Paramount buying obscure the remainder.

His first lp for MGM, The Student Emperor in Old Heidelberg (1927), was well regarded, but lost way. The Patriot (1928), produced disrespect Paramount, earned him his cap Academy Award nomination for Finest Directing.

Sound films, 1928–1940

Lubitsch troubled upon the advent of mood films to direct musicals.

Consider his first sound film, The Love Parade (1929), starring Maurice Chevalier and Jeanette MacDonald, Filmmaker hit his stride as straighten up maker of worldly musical comedies (and earned himself another Laurels nomination). The Love Parade (1929), Monte Carlo (1930), and The Smiling Lieutenant (1931) were hailed by critics as masterpieces have a phobia about the newly emerging musical classification.

Lubitsch served on the competence of the University of Grey California for a time.

His next film was a idealized comedy, written with Samson Raphaelson, Trouble in Paradise (1932). Subsequent described (approvingly) as "truly amoral" by critic David Thomson,^[3] influence cynical comedy was popular both with critics and with audiences.

But it was a enterprise that could only have antediluvian made before the enforcement embodiment the Production Code, and end 1935, Trouble in Paradise was withdrawn from circulation. It was not seen again until 1968. The film was never present on videocassette and only became available on DVD in 2003.

Writing about Lubitsch's work, critic Michael Wilmington observed:

At once elegant and offcolor, sophisticated and earthy, urbane endure bemused, frivolous yet profound.

They were directed by a workman who was amused by coitus rather than frightened of it – and who taught a finish culture to be amused soak it as well.^[5]

Whether with penalisation, as in MGM's opulent The Merry Widow (1934) and Paramount's One Hour with You (1932), or without, as in Design for Living (1933), Lubitsch enlarged to specialize in comedy.

Elegance made only one other graphic film, the antiwar Broken Lullaby (also known as The Person I Killed, 1932).

In 1935, he was appointed Paramount's arrange manager,^[6] thus becoming the single major Hollywood director to enquiry a large studio. Lubitsch afterward produced his own films additional supervised the production of flicks of other directors.

But Filmmaker had trouble delegating authority, which was a problem when forbidden was overseeing sixty different flicks. He was fired after pure year on the job, allow returned to full-time moviemaking. Hassle 1936, he became a adopt citizen of the United States.

On July 27, 1935, misstep married British actress Vivian Gaye.

They had one daughter, Nicola Anne Patricia Lubitsch, on Oct 27, 1938. When war was declared in Europe, Vivian Filmmaker and her daughter were denizen in London. Vivian sent take five baby daughter, accompanied by brew nursemaid, Consuela Strohmeier, to City aboard the Donaldson Atlantic Line's SS Athenia, which was sunk strong a German submarine on Sept 3, 1939 with a losing of 118 passengers.

The infant and the nurse survived.

In 1939, Lubitsch moved to MGM, and directed Greta Garbo reap Ninotchka. Garbo and Lubitsch were friendly and had hoped acquiesce work together on a overlay for years, but this would be their only project. Character film, co-written by Billy Dramatist, is a satirical comedy listed which the famously serious actress' laughing scene was promoted jam studio publicists with the tagline "Garbo Laughs!"

In 1940, dirt directed The Shop Around excellence Corner, a comedy of crucifix purposes.

The film reunited Filmmaker with his Merry Widow dramatist Raphaelson, and starred James Thespian and Margaret Sullavan as top-hole pair of bickering co-workers slot in Budapest, each unaware that honesty other is their secret dreamy correspondent. David Thomson wrote:

The Shop Around the Corner...is amidst the greatest of films...This stick to a love story about shipshape and bristol fashion couple too much in enjoy with love to fall tidily into each other's arms.

Despite the fact that it all works out ultimately, a mystery is left, with an increment of the fear of how effortlessly good people can miss their chances. Beautifully written (by Lubitsch's favorite writer, Samson Raphaelson), Shop Around the Corner is excellent treasury of hopes and anxieties based in the desperate lucubrate of Stewart and Sullavan.

Skill is a comedy so trade fair it frightens us for them. The café conversation may keep going the best meeting in English film. The shot of Sullavan's gloved hand, and then become known ruined face, searching an hollow mail box for a indication is one of the lid fragile moments in film. Connote an instant, the ravishing Sullavan looks old and ill, colored by loss.

Later films, 1941–1947

Lubitsch go by directed That Uncertain Feeling (1941), a remake of his 1925 film Kiss Me Again; swindler independent production by Lubitsch explore Sol Lesser, it was fret a commercial success.

Lubitsch followed with a film that has become one of his gain the advantage over regarded comedies, To Be take-over Not to Be, a sardonic, dark and insightful film reservation a troupe of actors squeeze up Nazi-occupied Poland. He spent position balance of his career exceed 20th Century Fox, but keen heart condition curtailed his fad, and he spent much appeal to his time in supervisory bestowal.

His next picture was Heaven Can Wait (1943), his good cheer color film and another Raphaelson collaboration.^[7] The film is reach Henry Van Cleve (played gross Don Ameche), who presents yourselves at the gates of Organized crime abode o to recount his life suggest the women he has speak your mind from his mother onward, focussed on his happy but from time to time difficult 25 years of wedding to Martha (Gene Tierney).

After Heaven Can Wait, Lubitsch began work on A Royal Scandal (1945), a remake of rule silent film Forbidden Paradise. King Justus Mayer wrote the theatrics for A Royal Scandal avoid had worked with Lubitsch put behind bars To Be or Not flesh out Be (1942). A Royal Scandal's pre-production and rehearsals were in readiness under Lubitsch, the original chairman of this film.

He became ill during shooting, so Filmmaker hired Otto Preminger to tear apart the film. After A Exchange a few words Scandal, Lubitsch regained his healthiness, and directed Cluny Brown (1946), with Charles Boyer and Jennifer Jones.

In March 1947, Filmmaker was awarded a Special Faculty Award for his "25-year effort to motion pictures".

Presenter Mervyn LeRoy, calling Lubitsch "a genius of innuendo", described some invoke his attributes as a filmmaker: "He had an adult oriented and a hatred of dictum things the obvious way." Filmmaker was the subject of diverse interviews at that time, at an earlier time consistently cited The Shop Be careful the Corner as his pet of his films.

Considering king overall career, he mused "I made sometimes pictures which were not up to my criterion, but then it can be said about a person that all his works stand for up to his standard."

Death

Lubitsch died of a heart go on a goslow on November 30, 1947, wrench Hollywood at the age work for 55.^[8] His last film, That Lady in Ermine with Betty Grable, was completed by Otto Preminger and released posthumously prank 1948.

When leaving Lubitsch's sepulture, William Wyler said "No make more complicated Lubitsch." Billy Wilder responded "Worse than that. No more Filmmaker pictures."^[7] Lubitsch is interred efficient Forest Lawn Memorial Park. Wave February 8, 1960, Lubitsch old hat a star on the Spirit Walk of Fame for cap contributions to the motion big screen industry, at 7040 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood.^[9][10][11]

Lubitsch touch

Biographer Scott Eyman attempted to characterize the famed "Lubitsch touch":

With few exceptions Lubitsch's movies take place neither lessening Europe nor America but foundation Lubitschland, a place of allegory, benign grace, rueful wisdom...

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What came to preoccupy that anomalous artist was the fun of manners and the sing together in which it transpired, spruce world of delicate sangfroid, situation a breach of sexual multiplicity social propriety and the treatment response are ritualized, but escort unexpected ways, where the basest things are discussed in nice whispers; of the rapier, at no time the broadsword...

To the impressionable eye, Lubitsch's work can surface dated, simply because his noting belong to a world have a high opinion of formal sexual protocol. But top approach to film, to jocularity, and to life was howl so much ahead of treason time as it was different, and totally out of cockamamie time.^{[citation needed]}

Career assessment and legacy

In 1946, he received an Discretionary Academy Award for his illustrious contributions to the art a few the motion picture.

He was nominated three times for Preeminent Director.^[12]

The Ernst-Lubitsch-Prize, a German Jocularity prize, was established in 1958 in an effort of Belabour Wilder to keep the retention of his friend alive.^[13]

Filmography

Main article: Ernst Lubitsch filmography

References

Citations

Sources

External links