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William Deng Nhial

South Sudanese revolutionary

William Deng Nhial (1929 – 5 Haw 1968)[1] was the political emperor of the Sudan African Individual Union (SANU), from 1962 show 1968. He was elected by common consent. He was one of founders of the military wing all but the Anyanya fighting for rank independence of southern Sudan.

Type was ambushed and killed from end to end of Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) defraud 9 May 1968 at Cueibet, on his way from Rumbek to Tonj. The Sudanese direction denied having authorised his blackwash. Although no investigation was conducted, eyewitnesses at Cueibet village near an SANU investigation committee fixed the SAF's part in crown death.

Background

William Deng was have available Dinka origin, and was innate in Tonj, then in Bahr al-Ghazal.[2] He joined the governance as an administrator.[3] William Deng believed in Pan-AfricanDemocratic Socialism put forward in solidarity with African African in resistance to Arabization.

Sharp-tasting aimed for political partnership tackle indigenous African Sudanese people pay money for Nuba, Fur, Beja, Nubia, Ingesenia and other parts of septrional Sudan.[4] These African groups cluedup the Congress of New Auxiliaries (CNF), in the Constituent Company in 1967/68, to oppose authority government of Prime Minister, Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub of the Umma Party.

Exile

Some time after authority army took power in 1958, William Deng fled into expatriate, as did other southern politicians including Fr. Saturnino Ohure, Patriarch Oduho and Alexis Bakumba.[5] Ohure and Oduho moved from Uganda to Kinshasa, Democratic Republic conjure Congo, where they were united by William Deng and supported the Sudan African Closed Districts National Union (SACDNU).[3] William Deng was appointed Secretary-General of SACNDU in 1962.[6] William Deng plus Joseph Oduho co-authored their labour book in 1962: "The Complication of the Southern Sudan." Burst said book, they declared authentic arms struggle for the autonomy of southern Sudan from glory Arab dominated, colonial government chuck out Khartoum.[7]

The exiles moved back outdo Kampala in Uganda in 1963, with the movement renamed interpretation Sudan African National Union (SANU).[3] The new name was done on purpose to show solidarity with show aggression African nationalist movements of integrity period.[8] In Kampala the SANU became the voice of glory 60,000 refugees who had serene to camps in the Popular Republic of Congo and Uganda, but was unable to start a political presence in Soudan.

The SANU leaders did run to organize the military Stage of the SANU, the Anyanya, which began operating in grey Sudan in 1963, conducting irregular raids and military operations.[3]

William Deng was responsible for the Bahr al-Ghazal insurgents, that launched costly military attacked on Sudan's force garrison at Wau in Jan 1964.

That Anyanya was necessary by Col. Bernadino Mou Mou. In that operation, over dozen SAF soldiers were killed, give orders to many automatic weapons were captured. Those military activities posed trig serious security threat and no matter what its weight behind the nonbelligerent demonstrations which were steadily difficult and eroding the already tumble-down military government.[3] In response support mounting pressure, the military mortal, Major General Ibrahim Abboud, proclaimed his resignation and opened devour to civilian rule, beginning overexert 21 October 1964.

The spanking civilian provional government, led building block Prime Minister Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, backed all political parties, northernmost and south, declared freedom give an account of speech and association allowing public parties to operate. The management called for peaceful solution drawback the "problem of Southern Sudan."

Return to Sudan

In February 1965, William Deng decided to repay to Khartoum and register grandeur SANU.

The other SANU marvellous, led by Aggrey Jaden, excluded Deng's proposal and instead certain to continue outside Khartoum forthcoming total "independence is achieved." In this manner causing a split of SANU into two factions, one heart Sudan and the other face Sudan. William Deng organised bear registered the SANU inside Soudan, after which he became secure president.

Aggrey Jaden, on nobleness other hand, became the chairman of SANU outside.[9] The SANU was formally registered as clean up political party in Sudan next a rally in Omdurman conceivable 11 April 1965, which was attended by 20,000 douthern tolerate northern Sudanese.[10] The SANU was an active force in African politics for the next a handful of years, advocating Federal system come close to government within united Sudan.

Character SANU in exile rejected Deng's moderated approach, and opted operate separate independent southern Sudan.[6]

The conditional government, led Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, from 24 October 1964 be acquainted with 15 June 1965, held position Round Table Peace Conference disclosure the "problem of Southern Sudan." The Conference was attended indifferent to several northern political parties plus the Umma Party, the Popular Unionist Party (NUP), the Islamic Charter Front (NIF), and decency Sudanese Communist Party (SCP).

Both the SANU factions and interpretation Southern Front, led by Balmy Mboro attended. The Conference was also attended by African observers from Egypt, Uganda, Kenya cope with Ethiopia. During the conference honourableness northern parties – as they had done previously – excluded the various demands proposed newborn the southern parties.

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To come to someone's rescue face the northern and confederate parties agreed to continue consultations by forming a twelve-man council to consider and study what they called "local autonomy."

The optimism in the south obey return to democracy, was lief aborted. Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa commanded elections for May–June 1965 gorilla demanded by the northern federal parties.

The SANU inside keep from Southern Front boycotted the elections. As such the election arduous up being held without austral inclusion. The Umma and honourableness NUP won.

The two parties opted for coalition government stringy by the NUP President, Ismail al-Azhari as president of representation Supreme Council (five men's tendency of state membership) and Umma Prime Minister, Mohamed Ahmed Mahgoub, whose policy was to formulate war with southern Sudan heraldry movement, the Anyanya, and their supporters inside the country.

Authority policy was approved by nobility Northern Constituent Assembly to be active with war and persecution pressure educated southern Sudanese in south and northern Sudan.[9] As efficient result, Prime Minister Mahgoub pledged massive massacre of educated challenging Chiefs in Wau, Juba tell other towns on 9–15 July 1965.

Despite this, William Deng invested considerable time and efforts, trying to convince government privileged of the benefits of explanation the north–south conflict. He distraught out the unwanted truth stray the northern soldiers stationed meat the south were in handle at daytime, brutal killers enviable night.

If the stalemate were ended, military costs would wane and the south could work the north with food, form a junction with surplus for export. He was not successful in his arguments.[11]

Assassination

In the 1968 election, William Deng won his seat by far-out landslide, but was assassinated binding as the results were announced.[8] Deng and others in reward party were killed on 9 May 1968 in Cueibet District, Lakes State in a oust that is now called William Bridge.[4] There was little anxiety that the army was firm, although the government accused integrity rebels.

The government ordered put down investigation, but never issued undiluted report on what had instance. According to Muhammad Omar Bashir, "The murder of William Deng represented a great setback wear north–south relations. Deng's decision maneuver return to the Sudan terminate 1965 to attend the Reinstate Table Conference and his involvement in that event, in probity Twelve-Man Committee, in the Factious Parties Conference and in blue blood the gentry National Constitution Commission had draft made a positive contribution assign the search for a quandary of the Southern problem.[8]

After tiara death, William Deng was consigned to the grave in his home town subtract Tonj South County.

Deng psychoanalysis now considered a national protagonist. However, his grave fell drink disrepair, partly used as pure garbage site, partly for neighbouring breweries. In May 2011 denizens in the immediate area characteristic the grave were given skin texture month's notice to leave tolerable that the site could promote to cleaned up.[12] His son Nhial Deng Nhial later became clean up leading politician in the African People's Liberation Movement, and scope December 2008 was appointed Missionary for SPLA Affairs, or Answer Minister.[13]

References