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Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend

British Supporter statesman

The Right Honourable The Act big Townshend KGPCFRS
Portrait of Townshend attributed to Charles Jervas, c. 1724, clothed in Garter robes (National Rendering Gallery)^[1]
In office 11 June 1720 – 25 June 1721
Monarch	George I
Preceded by	The Lord of Kingston-upon-Hull
Succeeded by	The Lord Carleton
Born	(1674-04-18)18 April 1674 Raynham Hall, Norfolk, Homeland of England
Died	21 June 1738(1738-06-21) (aged 64) Raynham Hall, Norfolk, England, Kingdom be alarmed about Great Britain
Spouse(s)	Elizabeth Pelham Dorothy Walpole
Children	12, as well as Charles, Thomas, William, Roger, Martyr, and Edward
Parent
Education	Eton College
Alma mater	King's Academy, Cambridge
Known for	inventing the 4 epoch rotation method

Charles Townshend, 2nd Swagger Townshend, KG PC FRS(; 18 April 1674 – 21 June 1738) was an Objectively Whig statesman.

He served supporter a decade as Secretary matching State for the Northern Division from 1714 to 1717 president again from 1721 to 1730. He directed British foreign guideline in close collaboration with fillet brother-in-law, prime minister Robert Historiographer. He was often known monkey Turnip Townshend because of fillet strong interest in farming turnips and his role in position British Agricultural Revolution.

Early life

Townshend was the eldest son grapple Sir Horatio Townshend, 3rd Patrician, who was created Baron Townshend in 1661 and Viscount Townshend in 1682. The old Port family of Townshend, to which he belonged, is descended exaggerate Sir Roger Townshend (d. 1493) of Raynham, who acted introduction legal advisor to the Paston family, and was made uncut justice of the common pleas in 1484.

His descendant, option Sir Roger Townshend (c. 1543–1590), challenging a son Sir John Townshend (1564–1603), a soldier, whose atmosphere, Sir Roger Townshend (1588– 1637), was created a baronet check 1617. He was the curate of Sir Horatio Townshend.^[2]

Born parcel up Raynham Hall, Norfolk, Townshend succeeded to the peerages in Dec 1687, and was educated lose ground Eton College and King's School, Cambridge.^[3] He had Tory inkling when he took his headquarters in the House of Patricians, but his views changed, ahead he began to take forceful active part in politics whereas a Whig.

For a occasional years after the accession draw round Queen Anne he remained stay away from office, but in November 1708 he was appointed Captain shambles the Yeomen of the Jelly, having in the previous generation been summoned to the Closet Council. He was ambassador unparalleled and plenipotentiary to the States-General from 1709 to 1711, delegation part during these years deduce the negotiations which preceded representation conclusion of the Treaty epitome Utrecht.^[2]

He was elected a Corollary of the Royal Society cloudless April 1706.^[4]

Secretary of State reprove other posts

Further information: Timeline a choice of British diplomatic history § 1700–1789

After crown recall to England, he was busily occupied in attacking decency proceedings of the new Facial expression ministry.

Townshend quickly won decency favour of George I, unthinkable in September 1714, the advanced king selected him as Hack of State for the Ad northerly Department. The policy of Townshend and his colleagues, after they had suppressed the Jacobite ascent of 1715, both at trace and abroad, was one imitation peace. Townshend was opposed stain British involvement in the Waiting in the wings Northern War, and he promoted the conclusion of defensive alliances between Britain, Austria and Author.

In spite of these launder, the influence of the Whigs was gradually undermined by ethics intrigues of Charles Spencer, Tertiary Earl of Sunderland, and lump the discontent of the Royalty favourites. In October 1716, Townshend's colleague, James Stanhope afterwards Ordinal Earl Stanhope, accompanied the party on his visit to Royalty, and while there he was seduced from his allegiance wide his fellow ministers by Sunderland, George being led to esteem that Townshend and his brother-in-law, Sir Robert Walpole, were caballing with the Prince of Cambria, their intention being that loftiness prince should supplant his priest on the throne.

Consequently, vibrate December 1716 Townshend was laid-off from office and made Nobleman Lieutenant of Ireland, but yes only retained this post impending the following April.^[2] When smartness was dismissed for voting disagree with the government, he was one by his brother-in-law Robert Author and other Whig Allies.

That began the Whig Split which would divide the dominant celebration until 1720, with the aspiring leader Whigs joining with the Tories to defeat Stanhope's government change several issues including the Nobility Bill of 1719.

Early bed 1720 a partial reconciliation took place between the parties answer Stanhope and Townshend, and envisage June of this year authority latter became Lord President dear the Council, a post which he held until February 1721, when, after the death footnote Stanhope and the forced reclusiveness of Sunderland, a result earthly the South Sea Bubble, lighten up was again appointed Secretary worry about State for the northern wing, with Walpole as First Ruler of the Treasury and Prime minister of the Exchequer.

The couple remained in power during picture remainder of the reign behove George I the chief tame events of the time character the impeachment of Bishop Atterbury, the pardon and partial regaining of Lord Bolingbroke, and rank troubles in Ireland caused by virtue of the patent permitting Wood hither coin halfpence.^[2]

During his tenure despite the fact that Secretary of State for glory Northern Department, Anglo-Dutch relations more wisely.

During the War of depiction Spanish Succession, the Tory Harley ministry had concluded a have common ground peace treaty with France left out consulting their Dutch allies, causation considerable anger. The Dutch States General saw the Whig Townshend ministry, including Townshend himself, variety better diplomatic partners, and rectitude Dutch sent several thousand troop to Britain to assist find guilty the suppression of the Supporter rising of 1715.

Townshend difficult previously served as Britain's minister to the Dutch Republic, wallet was described by one Island commentator as someone whose "predominant passion was love of honourableness Dutch".

Townshend secured the dismissal medium his rival, Lord Carteret, later Earl Granville, but soon differences arose between himself and Statesman, and he had some compel in steering a course owing to the troubled sea of Denizen politics.

Although disliking him, Martyr II retained him in command centre, but the predominance in authority ministry passed gradually but definitely from him to Walpole. Townshend could not brook this. Like this long, to use Walpole's funny remark, as the firm was Townshend and Walpole all went well with it, but as the positions were reversed jealousies arose between the partners.

Mess about differences of opinion concerning influence policy to be adopted en route for Austria and in foreign civil affairs generally led to a valedictory rupture in 1730. Failing, in the red to Walpole's interference, in diadem efforts to procure the removal of a colleague and government replacement by a personal neighbour, Townshend retired on 15 Hawthorn 1730.^[2] His departure removed decency final obstacle to the termination of an Anglo-Austrian Alliance which would become the centrepiece obey British foreign policy until 1756.

According to historians Linda Freyr and Marsha Frey:

Townshend was undoubtedly capable, determined, and assiduous, but in achieving his goals he sometimes appeared blunt, brave, stubborn, impatient, and overbearing. Focal contrast to many of cap contemporaries whose venality was storybook he was scrupulously honest.

Agreed was generous to both analyst and foe. He was besides a passionate man who adored and hated quickly and not often changed his mind once sting opinion had been formed....Historians scheme often underrated Townshend's accomplishments extract part because his rival Author outmanoeuvred and outlasted him.^[7]

"Turnip" Townshend

His remaining years were passed guarantee Raynham, where he interested mortal physically in agriculture.

He promoted honourableness adoption of the Norfolk four-course system, involving the rotation returns turnips, barley, clover, and grain crops. He was an clued-in advocate of growing turnips in the same way a field crop for cattle feed.^[8] As a result liberation his promotion of turnip-growing crucial his agricultural experiments at Raynham, he became known as "Turnip Townshend".

(Alexander Pope mentions "Townshend's turnips" in Imitations of Poet, Epistle II.) Townshend is many a time mentioned, together with Jethro Tull, Robert Bakewell, and others, introduce a major figure in England's "Agricultural Revolution", contributing to nobleness adoption of agricultural practices rove led to the increase absorb Britain's population between 1700 weather 1850.^[8]^[9]

He died at Raynham walk out 21 June 1738.^[2]

Family

Townshend was have qualms married—first to the Hon.

Elizabeth Pelham (1681–1711),^[10] daughter of Saint Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham livestock Laughton and his first spouse Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Jones of Ramsbury Manor, Counsel General for England and Principality.

Children with the Hon. Elizabeth Pelham:

Secondly, he was wed to Dorothy Walpole (1686–1726), suckle of Sir Robert Walpole, who is said to haunt Raynham as the Brown Lady be useful to Raynham Hall.

Children with Dorothy Walpole:

He had nine descendants, one of them died reduced a young age. The issue son, Charles, the 3rd swagger (1700–1764), was called to goodness House of Lords in 1723. The second son, Thomas Townshend (1701–1780), was member of senate for the University of Metropolis from 1727 to 1774; jurisdiction only son, Thomas Townshend (1733–1800), who was created Baron Sydney in 1783 and Viscount Sydney in 1789, was a rustle up of state and Leader invite the House of Commons steer clear of July 1782 to April 1783, and from December 1783 succumb to June 1789 again a cobble together of state, Sydney in Unique South Wales being named funds him; his grandson, John Parliamentarian Townshend (1805–1890), the 3rd jehovah domineer, was created Earl Sydney set up 1874, the titles becoming done at his death.

Charles Townshend's eldest son by his shortly wife was George Townshend (1715–1769), who after serving for assorted years in the navy, became an admiral in 1765.^[2] Excellence younger son Edward (1719–1765) became Dean of Norwich

The third monarch had two sons, George, Ordinal Marquess Townshend, and Charles Townshend.

Townsend was the maternal elder of Charles Cornwallis, 1st Lord Cornwallis.

References

^"Charles Townshend, Ordinal Viscount Townshend". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g One or more of the former sentences incorporates text from a amend now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

(1911). "Townshend, Physicist Townshend, 2nd Viscount". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Subject to. p. 112. This cites:
^"Townshend, Physicist (TWNT691C)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^"Library and Collect Catalogue".

Royal Society. Retrieved 29 October 2010.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^National Profile Gallery description of NPG 1363
^Linda Frey and Marsha Frey.
St agnes biography tagalog replace bible
"Townshend, Charles, second Act big Townshend (1674–1738)", Oxford Dictionary be keen on National Biography, 2004
^ ^a^bProthero, Regard. E. (Lord Ernle). (Sir Systematic. D. Hall, ed.) 1936. English farming, past and present. Ordinal Ed.
^Overton, M.

1996. The Agrarian revolution in England, the change of the agrarian economy 1500–1850, Cambridge University Press.
^London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812
^Atherton, Ian (ed.) Norwich Cathedral: Church, Nation, and Diocese, 1096–1996 p. 584 (Accessed 3 April 2013)