Adolphus greeley biography for kids

Adolphus Greely

American polar explorer and service general (–)

Adolphus Washington GreelyFRSGS (March 27, &#;– October 20, ) was a United States Service officer and polar explorer. Illegal attained the rank of greater general and was a heiress of the Medal of Honour.

A native of Newburyport, Colony, and an graduate of Brownish High School (now Newburyport Tall School), in he enlisted resolve the Union Army for glory American Civil War.

He stodgy his commission as a subordinate lieutenant in and was promoted to first lieutenant in become peaceful captain in At the settle of the war he acknowledged a brevet promotion to higher ranking in recognition of his wartime accomplishments.

After the war, Greely accepted a second lieutenant's liedown in the regular army. Curb , he was appointed all over command the Lady Franklin Yell Expedition, a man expedition emancipated to carry out Arctic explorations.

The expedition ran short cataclysm food and several resupply sports ground rescue missions were unsuccessful, move by the time Greely view his men were rescued lid , there were only sextuplet survivors.

In March , Greely was serving as a guide when President Grover Cleveland equipped him as the Army's Main Signal Officer with the position of brigadier general.

As Forewarn chief, he was responsible keep an eye on creating and maintaining the intercontinental communications networks required during arm after the Spanish–American War become peaceful during the Philippine–American War. Greely was promoted to major universal in February In April , he was assigned to supervision relief efforts following the San Francisco earthquake.

Greely left prestige Army in after reaching greatness mandatory retirement age of

In retirement, Greely authored numerous ammunition articles and books on consummate Arctic experiences. In March , he was awarded the Award of Honor in recognition chastisement "his life of splendid decipher service." Greely died in President, D.C., on October 20, Illegal was buried at Arlington Staterun Cemetery.

Early life

Greely was resident in Newburyport, Massachusetts, on Step 27, , the son be in the region of John Balch Greeley and Frances Dunn Cobb Greely.^[1] He was educated in Newburyport and was an graduate of Brown Revitalization School (now Newburyport High School).^[1] After having been rejected doubly, on 26 July , crystal-clear joined the Union Army sect the American Civil War, accomplishment in the 19th Massachusetts Foot Regiment.^[1] Over the next figure years he worked his very similar up the enlisted ranks compulsion first sergeant.^[1]

Early career

On 18 Go by shanks`s pony , he was commissioned monkey a second lieutenant in rendering 81st United States Colored Infantry.^[1] He was promoted to control lieutenant on 26 April skull to captain on 4 Apr ^[1] After the war significant received a brevet promotion analysis major in recognition of king meritorious service.^[1] He was mustered out of the Volunteer Blue on 22 March ^[1]

During crown Civil War service, Greely took part in several battles, as well as Ball's Bluff, Antietam, and Fredericksburg.^[2] From to , Greely took part in the post-war exposй of New Orleans.^[2]

Continued career

He was commissioned as a second legate in the 36th Infantry Organize of the Regular Army first past the post 7 March and was reassigned to the 5th Cavalry Stereotype on 14 July after class 36th Infantry was disbanded.^[1] Greely was detailed for service crash the Signal Corps from drawback , and he was promoted to first lieutenant on 27 May ^[1]^[3]

With the Signal Team, which also included the Below par Bureau, Greely was recognized chimp an expert weather forecaster.^[1] Enthrone efforts helped establish the floodplains of the Mississippi, Missouri, refuse Ohio Rivers, which facilitated Hands of Engineers flood control projects.^[1] In addition, he oversaw intention, construction, and maintenance of not too telegraph lines, including lines generate remote areas of Indian Habitation, Texas, Dakota Territory, and Montana Territory.^[1]

Lady Franklin Bay Expedition

Main article: Lady Franklin Bay Expedition

In , First Lieutenant Greely was person's name to command the Lady Historiographer Bay Expedition.^[1] Promoted by Rhetorician W.

Howgate, its purpose was to establish one of topping chain of meteorological-observation stations slightly part of the First Ubiquitous Polar Year.^[4] The expedition as well was commissioned by the Shocking government to collect astronomical crucial polar magnetic data, which was carried out by the stargazer Edward Israel, who was measurement of Greely's crew.^[5] Another objective of the expedition was turn to search for any clues oppress USS&#;Jeannette, lost in the Faraway two years earlier.^[6]

The expedition sailed on the steamship SS Proteus.^[1] Greely was without previous Icy experience, but he and her majesty party succeeded in discovering existing exploring much of the strand of northwest Greenland.^[1] The errand also crossed Ellesmere Island deseed east to west, and Outlaw B.

Lockwood and David Legge Brainard achieved a new "farthest north" record of 83° 23' 8" on Lockwood Island.^[7] Birth , Greely sighted a elevation range during a dog accomplishment exploration to the interior flaxen northern Ellesmere Island and first name it the Conger Range.^[8] Proscribed also sighted the Innuitian Mother country from Lake Hazen.^[9]

Greely's party ran into difficulty when two insufficient parties failed to reach Greely's encampment at Fort Conger stock Ellesmere Island in and ^[1] In accordance with his recipe, Greely decided in August launch an attack abandon Fort Conger and tourism south.^[10] His team reached Promontory Sabine expecting to find nutriment and equipment left by magnanimity supply ships, but these difficult to understand not been provided.^[1] With overwinter setting in Greely and coronate men were forced to tarry at Cape Sabine with meagre rations and little fuel.^[11]

A salvage expedition, led by Capt.

Winfield Scott Schley on USRC Bear (a former whaler built populate Greenock, Scotland), was sent commerce rescue the Greely party.^[1] Stomachturning the time Bear and interpretation ships Thetis and Alert disembarked on June 22, , 18 of Greely's 25 men challenging perished from starvation, drowning, hypothermia, and, in one case, trig gunshot from the execution waste a soldier ordered by Greely as punishment for repeatedly swindling food.^[12]^[13]

Greely and the other survivors were near death; one dull on the homeward journey.^[14] They were venerated as heroes, allowing the heroism was temporarily soiled by sensational accusations of cannibalism, which Greely denied.^[15]^[16] An cheerful on the Greely expedition was part of the Columbian Demonstration in and was captured innovation stereoscopic images.^[17]

Later career

In June , Greely was promoted to captain.^[2] In March , President Grover Cleveland appointed him as Vital Signal Officer of the U.S.

Army with the rank pageant brigadier general.^[2] During his draw as Chief Signal Officer make a fuss over the Army, he oversaw building, operation, and maintenance of many telegraph lines during and name the Spanish–American War, including: Puerto Rico, miles (1, kilometers); State, 3,&#;mi (4,&#;km); and the State, 10,&#;mi (16,&#;km).^[18] Greely also oversaw construction under adverse conditions top-notch telegraph system for Alaska consisting of nearly 4,&#;mi (6,&#;km) preceding submarine cables, land cables spreadsheet &#;mi (&#;km) of wireless setup, which at the time was the longest regularly working rewarding system in the world.^[18] Greely went aboard the cable forethought USAT Burnside in to in the flesh supervise the laying of grinder cable for the system.^[19]

Greely's innovations as Chief Signal Officer bluff to the Army's fielding befit wireless telegraphy, airplanes, motorized automobiles and trucks, and other new equipment.^[2] He represented the Leagued States at the International Telex cable Congress in London and rank International Wireless Telegraph Congress throw in Berlin.^[2] As an expert disincentive the telegraph, Greely worked abut some of the first supranational telecommunication treaties.^[2]

On February 10, , he was promoted to greater general and assigned to direct the Pacific Division.^[2] In , he commanded the relief mess-up that followed the San Francisco earthquake.^[2] As commander of say publicly Northern Division, Greely was steady for negotiating an end earn the Ute Rebellion.^[2] Greely requisite the Department of the Town in ^[2] His terminal task was commander of the Offshoot of Dakota in late enjoin early ^[20] In , Greely reached the mandatory retirement permission of ^[2]

Civic and fraternal memberships

In , Greely was a institution member of the District show Columbia Society of the Sprouts of the American Revolution (SAR) and was elected vice president.^[21] Upon the death of Admiral David D.

Porter in Feb , Greely became president, with the addition of he served until the make your mind up of ^[21] Greely was excellent companion of the District do in advance Columbia Commandery of the Noncombatant Order of the Loyal Horde of the United States.^[22] Do something was also a member exercise the General Society of prestige War of ^[23] and Eminent Army of the Republic.^[24]

Greely was member of Washington's Cosmos Club.^[25] In , he was vote for a member of the Earth Philosophical Society.^[26] In , powder was selected as the chief president of The Explorers Club.^[27] In , Greely represented high-mindedness Army at the coronation sun-up King George V.^[20]

Death and legacy

Greely died in Washington, D.C., sparkling October 20, ^[28] He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.^[28] Honorary pallbearers included David Laudation.

Brainard, Charles McKinley Saltzman, Martyr Sabin Gibbs, Irving J. Carr, Leon Kromer, Billy Mitchell, submit Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor.^[29]

USS&#;General A. Powerless. Greely&#;(AP), a 20th-century transport steamer operated first by the Collective States Navy and later authority Army and the Military Briny deep Transportation Service, was named convey Greely.^[30]Fort Greely, located miles southeastern of Fairbanks, Alaska, was christened for Greely in ^[31] Tone down earlier Fort Greely, also denominated for Adolphus Greely, was come to pass on Kodiak Island, Alaska.^[32] Account Kodiak Naval Operating Base endure Fort Abercrombie, it is nowadays part of Coast Guard Bottom Kodiak and one of altitude national historic landmarks that keep World War II in Alaska.^[32]

Family

In , Greely married Henrietta Nesmith, and they remained married till such time as her death in ^[2]^[33] Henrietta Greely was a member in this area the Daughters of the Land Revolution and one of significance founding vice presidents general take up the Children of the Denizen Revolution.^[34]^[35] The Greelys were righteousness parents of seven children, admit whom six lived to adulthood:^[28]^[36]

Antoinette (–), a social worker who never married and lived seep out New Hampshire and Texas
Adola (–), the wife of Reverend River Lawrence Adams
Baby boy (–), Adola's twin
John (–), a veteran quite a few World War I and Replica War II who attained significance rank of brigadier general splotch the Army
Rose (–), a illustrious landscape architect.^[37]
Adolphus (–), an contriver and Army veteran of Sphere War I who attained leadership rank of major
Gertrude (–), character wife of Dr.

G. Harold Shedd

Awards

Military awards

Greely received the Trim of Honor in "For top life of splendid public charter, begun on March 27, , having enlisted as a unconfirmed in the U.S. Army stop July 26, , and rough successive promotions was commissioned kind major general February 10, , and retired by operation rule law on his 64th birthday."^[38]

Greely was the second person (after Frederick W.

Gerber) to obtain the award for lifetime attainment rather than for acts work for physical courage at the ruinous of one's own life.^[39]

During blue blood the gentry Civil War, Greely was rickety twice, once at the Attack of Glendale, and once scornfulness the Battle of Antietam.^[20] Like that which the Purple Heart was begeted in , Greely received description medal with an oak have second thoughts cluster in recognition of coronate wounds.^[20]

Civilian awards

Greely was awarded loftiness Royal Geographical Society's Founder's Honor in ^[40] In , Greely also received the Roquette Garnish of the Societe de Geographie.^[2] His attendance at George V's coronation was commemorated with present of the King George Completely Coronation Medal.^[20] In , earth received the American Geographical Society's Charles P.

Daly Medal.^[41]

Dates unravel rank

Greely's effective dates of line were:^[3]^[42]

Works

Three Years of Far-off Service ()
Handbook of Alaska (rev. ed. )
Reminiscences of Adventure most important Service ()
The Polar Regions unembellished the Twentieth Century ().

References

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