Sam and marilyn sheppard images

American neurosurgeon (1923–1970)

For other children with similar names, see Sam Shepard (disambiguation).

Samuel Holmes Sheppard ((1923-12-29)December 29, 1923 – (1970-04-06)April 6, 1970) was an American osteopathist. He was convicted of blue blood the gentry 1954 murder of his pregnant^[1] wife, Marilyn Reese Sheppard, on the other hand the conviction was eventually upturned by the U.S.

Supreme Pay suit to, which cited a "carnival atmosphere" at the trial. Sheppard was acquitted at a retrial improvement 1966.

Early life and education

Sheppard was born in Cleveland, Ohio, probity youngest of three sons pointer Richard Allen Sheppard, D.O. Without fear attended Cleveland Heights High Primary where he was an matchless student and was active case American football, basketball, and track; he was class president diplomat three years.

Sheppard met sovereignty future wife, Marilyn Reese, determine in high school. Although a sprinkling small Ohio colleges offered him athletic scholarships, Sheppard chose term paper follow the lead of climax father and older brothers sports ground pursued a career in osteopathic medicine. He enrolled at Royalty College in Indiana to con pre-osteopathic medical courses, then took supplementary courses at the Set of circumstances Institute of Technology in City during the Summer of 1943.^[3] Sheppard finished his medical schooling at the Los Angeles Osteopathic School of Physicians and Surgeons (now University of California Irvine) and was awarded the Doc of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) checkup degree.

Sheppard completed his internship and a residency in neurosurgery at Los Angeles County Typical Hospital. He married Marilyn Reese on February 21, 1945, intensity Hollywood, California. A few age later he returned to River and joined his father's immature medical practice at Bay Process Hospital.

Murder of Marilyn Reese Sheppard

On the night of Sabbatum, July 3, 1954, Sheppard mushroom Marilyn were entertaining neighbors attractive their lakefront home (which was eventually demolished in 1993). Span they were watching the videotape Strange Holiday, Sheppard fell quiescent on the daybed in probity living room. Marilyn walked primacy neighbors out.

In the trusty morning hours of July 4, 1954, Marilyn Sheppard was bludgeoned to death in her crib with an unknown instrument. Primacy bedroom was covered with those spatter and drops of cart off were found on floors here the house. Some items alien the house, including Sam Sheppard's wristwatch, keychain and key, challenging fraternity ring, appeared to imitate been stolen.^[4] They were adjacent found in a canvas suitcase in shrubbery behind the house.^[4] According to Sheppard, he was sleeping soundly on a lounge when he heard the cries from his wife.

He ran upstairs where he saw exceptional "white biped form" in interpretation bedroom and then he was knocked unconscious. When he awoke, he saw the person lower down, chased the intruder out help the house down to primacy beach where they tussled playing field Sheppard was knocked unconscious anon.

At 5:40 am, a march received an urgent phone call together from Sheppard who pleaded practise him to come to potentate home.

When the neighbor snowball his wife arrived, Sheppard was found shirtless and his garment were wet with a bloodstain on the knee. Authorities entered shortly thereafter. Sheppard seemed put out and in shock. The lineage dog was not heard batty to indicate an intruder, highest their seven-year-old son, Sam Reese "Chip" Sheppard, was asleep feigned the adjacent bedroom throughout decency incident.^[6]

First trial

Media

Sheppard's trial began Oct 18, 1954, and lasted ennead weeks.^[7] The murder investigation mushroom the trial were notable supplement the extensive publicity.

Some newspapers and other media in River were accused of bias encroach upon Sheppard and inflammatory coverage manage the case, and were criticized for immediately labeling him probity only viable suspect. A northerner judge later criticized the publicity, "If ever there was span trial by newspaper, this task a perfect example. And description most insidious example was description Cleveland Press.

For some cause that newspaper took upon strike the role of accuser, avenue, and jury."

It appeared that interpretation local media influenced the investigators. On July 21, 1954, goodness Cleveland Press ran a front-page editorial titled "Do It Say to, Dr. Gerber", which called send for a public inquest. Hours following, Dr.

Samuel Gerber, the investigator investigating the murder, announced put off he would hold an hearing the next day. The Cleveland Press ran another front-page row titled "Why Isn't Sam Sheppard in Jail?" on July 30, which was titled in following editions, "Quit Stalling and Transport Him In!"^[10][11] That night, Sheppard was arrested for a police force interrogation.

The local media ran lewd front-page stories inflammatory to Sheppard that contained no supporting make a note or were later disproved.

Aside the trial, a popular transistor show broadcast a report reposition a New York City dame who claimed to be coronet mistress and the mother chastisement his illegitimate child. Since rendering jury was not sequestered, span of the jurors admitted prank the judge that they heard the broadcast but the nimble did not dismiss them.

Immigrant interviews with some of illustriousness jurors years later, it remains likely that jurors were filthy by the press before significance trial and perhaps during well-to-do. The U.S. Supreme Court subsequent stated that the trial was surrounded by a "carnival atmosphere".^[15]

Susan Hayes

Susan Hayes was a 24-year-old laboratory technician at Bayview Dispensary in Bay village, who esoteric an affair with Sheppard.

Greatness prosecution attempted to show consider it Hayes was the motive sustenance murder.^[16]

Defense strategy

Sheppard's attorney, William Corrigan, argued that Sheppard had strict injuries and that these injuries were inflicted by the encroacher. Corrigan based his argument penchant the report made by sawbones Charles Elkins who examined Sheppard and found he had greet a cervical concussion, nerve wound, many absent or weak reflexes (most notably on the leftist side of his body), lecture injury in the region rot the second cervical vertebra walk heavily the back of the dйcolletage.

Elkins stated that it was impossible to fake or have frontage on the missing reflex responses.^{[citation needed]}

The defense further argued the wrong scene was extremely bloody, much the only blood evidence showing up on Sheppard was a bloodstain on his trousers. Corrigan too argued two of Marilyn's alarm had been broken and renounce the pieces had been pulled from her mouth, suggesting she had possibly bitten her hoodlum.

He told the jury turn this way Sheppard had no open wounds. Some^[who?] observers have questioned significance accuracy of claims that Marilyn Sheppard lost her teeth from way back biting her attacker, arguing delay her missing teeth are better-quality consistent with the severe caning she received to her predispose and skull.^[17] However, criminologist Disagreeable L.

Kirk later said prowl if the beating had brittle Mrs. Sheppard's teeth, pieces would have been found inside squash mouth, and her lips would have been severely damaged, which was not the case.^[18]

Sheppard took the stand in his particle defense, testifying that he esoteric been sleeping downstairs on on the rocks daybed when he awoke come to get his wife's screams.

I imagine that she cried or screamed my name once or in pairs, during which time I ran upstairs, thinking that she force be having a reaction comparable to convulsions that she challenging in the early days personal her pregnancy. I charged stimulus our room and saw marvellous form with a light gown, I believe, at that put on ice grappling with something or possibly manlike.

During this short period Uncontrolled could hear loud moans defeat groaning sounds and noises. Rabid was struck down. It seems like I was hit deseed behind somehow but had grappled this individual from in model or generally in front engage in me. I was apparently knocked out. The next thing Uproarious knew, I was gathering inaccurate senses while coming to smashing sitting position next to nobility bed, my feet toward distinction hallway.

... I looked socialize with my wife, I believe Raving took her pulse and change that she was gone. Mad believe that I thereafter freely or subconsciously ran into gray youngster's room next door added somehow determined that he was all right, I am put together sure how I determined that. After that, I thought stray I heard a noise less than, seemingly in the front acclimate portion of the house.

Sheppard ran back downstairs and chased what he described as a "bushy-haired intruder" or "form" down take the Lake Erie beach under his home, before being knocked out again.

The defense entitled eighteen character witnesses for Sheppard, and two witnesses who held that they had seen nifty bushy-haired man near the Sheppard home on the day tinge the crime.^[20][21]

Verdict

On December 21, back end deliberating for four days, integrity jury found Sheppard guilty decompose second-degree murder.

He was sentenced to life in prison.

Family deaths

On January 7, 1955, shortly care his conviction, the incarcerated Sheppard was told that his common, Ethel Sheppard, had died go over the top with a self-inflicted gunshot. Eleven era later, Sheppard's father, Richard Sheppard, died of a bleeding stomachic ulcer and stomach cancer.

Sheppard was permitted to attend both funerals but was required erect wear handcuffs.

On February 13, 1963, while F. Lee Bailey was pursuing the appeals process, Sheppard's former father-in-law, Thomas S. Reese, died by suicide in type East Cleveland, Ohio, motel.^[28] Reese's wife had died in 1929 when their daughter Marilyn was in grade school.

Incarceration

In 1959, Sheppard voluntarily took part cultivate cancer studies by the Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Evaluation, allowing live cancer cells scolding be injected into his body.

Appeals and retrial

Appeals

Sheppard's attorney William Corrigan spent six years making appeals but all were rejected.

Grease July 30, 1961, Corrigan deadly and F. Lee Bailey took over as Sheppard's chief data. Bailey's petition for a instrument of habeas corpus was although on July 15, 1964, prep between a United States district deference judge who called the 1954 trial a "mockery of justice" that shredded Sheppard's Fourteenth Revision right to due process.

Significance State of Ohio was seamless to release Sheppard on link and gave the prosecutor 60 days to bring charges be drawn against him, otherwise the case would be dismissed permanently. The Induct of Ohio appealed the decree to the U.S. Court contempt Appeals Court for the Ordinal Circuit, which on March 4, 1965, reversed the federal judge's ruling.

Bailey appealed to influence U.S. Supreme Court, which at one to hear the case surprise Sheppard v. Maxwell. On June 6, 1966, the Supreme Challenge, by an 8-to-1 vote, hurt down the murder conviction. Honesty decision noted, among other the score, that a "carnival atmosphere" difficult to understand permeated the trial, and cruise the trial judge, Edward Document.

Blythin,^[32] who had died replace 1958, was biased against Sheppard because Blythin had refused achieve sequester the jury, did note order the jury to buckle down to and disregard media reports criticize the case, and when across the world to newspaper columnist Dorothy Kilgallen shortly before the trial afoot said, "Well, he's guilty importance hell.

There's no question skim through it."

Sheppard served 10 grow older of his sentence. Three years after his 1964 release, fiasco married Ariane Tebbenjohanns, a European divorcee who had corresponded take on him during his imprisonment. Justness two had been engaged by reason of January 1963. Tebbenjohanns endured renounce own bout of controversy soon after the engagement had antediluvian announced, confirming that her stepsister was Magda Ritschel, the helpmeet of Nazi propaganda chief Carpenter Goebbels.

Tebbenjohanns emphasized that she held no Nazi views. Enhance October 7, 1969, Sheppard endure Tebbenjohanns divorced.^[33]

Retrial

Jury selection began Oct 24, 1966, and opening statements began eight days later. Telecommunications interest in the trial remained high, but this jury was sequestered.

The prosecutor presented largely the same case as was presented twelve years earlier. Singer aggressively sought to discredit keep on prosecution witness during cross-examination. Like that which Coroner Samuel Gerber testified travel a murder weapon that filth described as a "surgical weapon", Bailey led Gerber to allow to enter that they never found orderly murder weapon^[34] and had breakdown to tie Sheppard to significance murder.

In his closing grounds, Bailey scathingly dismissed the prosecution's case against Sheppard as "ten pounds of hogwash in simple five-pound bag".

Unlike the imaginative trial, neither Sheppard nor Susan Hayes took the stand, practised strategy that proved to promote to successful.^[34] After deliberating for 12 hours, the jury returned contact November 16 with a "not guilty" verdict.

The trial was important to Bailey's rise peel prominence among American criminal collaboration lawyers. It was during that trial that Paul Kirk nip the blood spatter evidence unwind collected in Sheppard's home embankment 1955 that suggested that blue blood the gentry murderer was left-handed (Sheppard was right-handed), which proved crucial get snarled his acquittal.^[34]

Three weeks after position trial, Sheppard appeared as spruce guest on the December 7 episode of The Tonight Feint Starring Johnny Carson.^{[citation needed][35]}

After acquittal, Sheppard worked with writer Bill Levy^[36] to write integrity book Endure and Conquer,^[37] which presented his side of ethics case and discussed his discretion in prison.

Levy felt conflicted about collaborating with Sheppard due to of his belief that Sheppard had committed the crime.^[38]

Professional grappling career

Sheppard's friend and soon-to-be father-in-law, professional wrestler George Strickland, exotic him to wrestling and housebroken him for it. He debuted in August 1969 at rendering age of 45 as "Killer" Sam Sheppard, wrestling Wild Tally Scholl.^[40]

Sheppard wrestled over 40 matches before his death in Apr 1970, including a number be keen on tag team bouts with Designer as his partner.^[41] His shame made him a strong draw.^[42]

During his wrestling career, Dr.

Sheppard used his anatomical knowledge allocate develop a new submission glee, that he called the "Mandibular Nerve Pinch". The maneuver would go on to be renamed the "Mandible Claw" and inured to and popularized by professional battler Mankind in 1996.^[43]

Late medical routine, remarriage, and death

After his reprieve from prison, Sheppard opened adroit medical office in the Navigator suburb of Gahanna, Ohio.

Verification May 10, 1968, Sheppard was granted surgical privileges at grandeur Youngstown Osteopathic Hospital,^[44] but "[his] skills as a surgeon difficult to understand deteriorated, and much of decency time he was impaired vulgar alcohol".^[45] Five days after proscribed was granted privileges, he intact a discectomy on a wife and accidentally cut an artery; the patient died the incoming day.

On August 6, bankruptcy nicked the right iliac watercourse on a 29-year-old patient who bled to death internally.^[46] Sheppard resigned from the hospital pikestaff a few months later later wrongful death suits had back number filed by the patients' families.^[47][45]

Six months before his death, Sheppard married Colleen Strickland.^[48] Toward excellence end of his life, Sheppard was reportedly drinking "as unnecessary as two fifths of grog a day" (1.5 liters).^[49] Demarcation April 6, 1970, Sheppard was found dead in his habitation in Columbus, Ohio.^[50] Early operation indicated that Sheppard died warm liver failure.^[51] The official agent of death was Wernicke encephalopathy (a type of brain injury associated with advanced alcoholism).^[53][54] Purify was buried in Forest Land Memorial Gardens in Columbus, Ohio.^[55]

1997 DNA test

Sheppard's body remained belowground until September 1997 when bankruptcy was exhumed for DNA crucial as part of the proceedings brought by his son pass on clear his father's name.^[56] Cap attorney stated that the Polymer testing absolved Sheppard of integrity murder.^[57] After the tests, influence body was cremated, and representation ashes were interred in trim mausoleum at Knollwood Cemetery blackhead Mayfield Heights, Ohio, along append those of his murdered her indoors, Marilyn.^[58]

Civil trial for wrongful imprisonment

Sheppard's son, Samuel Reese Sheppard, has devoted considerable time and need towards attempting to clear sovereignty father's reputation.^[59]

In 1999, Alan Jazzman, a lifelong friend of Sheppard^[60] and administrator of his assets, sued the State of River in the Cuyahoga County Have a stab of Common Pleas for Sheppard's wrongful imprisonment.

The case was heard before Judge Ron Suster.^[61]

By order of the court, Marilyn Sheppard's body was exhumed, diminution part to determine if nobility fetus she was carrying confidential been fathered by Sheppard. Material Gilbert, an attorney retained unresponsive to the Sheppard family, told dignity media that "the fetus bolster this case had previously archaic autopsied", a fact that challenging never previously been disclosed.

That, Gilbert argued, raised questions cart the coroner's office in dignity original case possibly concealing suitable evidence.^[17] Due to the paragraph of time on the fetus's tissues, paternity could not background established.^[62]

Richard Eberling

During the civil analysis, plaintiff attorney Terry Gilbert contentious that Richard Eberling, an desultory handyman and window washer chimpanzee the Sheppard home, was excellence likeliest suspect in Marilyn's homicide.

Eberling found Marilyn attractive gift he was very familiar assort the layout of the Sheppard home.^[63]

In 1959, detectives were doubting Richard Eberling about various burglaries in the area. Eberling avowed to the burglaries and showed the detectives his loot, which included two rings that belonged to Marilyn Sheppard.

Eberling scarf the rings in 1958, graceful few years after the massacre, from Sam Sheppard's brother's line, taken from a box luential "Personal Property of Marilyn Sheppard".^[64] In subsequent questioning, Eberling celebrated his blood was at honesty crime scene of Marilyn Sheppard. He stated that he slash his finger while washing windows just prior to the matricide and bled while on birth premises.^[65] As part of dignity investigation, Eberling took a polygraph test with questions about integrity murder of Marilyn.

The polygraph examiner concluded that Eberling blunt not show deception in reward answers, although the polygraph penurious were evaluated by other experts years later who found defer it was either inconclusive burrow Eberling was deceptive.

In his verification in the 2000 civil proceedings, Bailey stated that he unwished for disagreeab Eberling as a suspect cranium 1966 because "I thought explicit passed a good polygraph test." When it was presented disparagement Bailey that an independent polygraph expert said Eberling either murdered Marilyn or had knowledge disrespect who did, Bailey stated avoid he probably would have nip Eberling as a suspect constrict the 1966 retrial.

DNA evidence, which was not available in position two murder trials, played apartment building important role in the secular trial.

DNA analysis of purge at the crime scene showed that there was presence use up blood from a third individual, other than Marilyn and Dr. Sam Sheppard.^[68]

With regard to beating the blood to Eberling, ethics DNA analysis that was licit to be admitted to high-mindedness trial was inconclusive. A contestant DNA expert was 90% make fast that one of the ancestry spots belonged to Richard Eberling but, according to the words of the court, this was not admissible.

The defense argued that the blood evidence difficult to understand been tainted in the period since it was collected, person in charge that an important blood the twinkling of an eye on the closet door uphold Marilyn Sheppard's room potentially specified 83% of the adult milky population. The defense also discouraged out that the results fall apart 1955 from the older execution typing technique, that the dynasty collected from the closet threshold was Type O, while Eberling's blood type was Type A.

Throughout his life, Richard Eberling was associated with women who difficult to understand suspicious deaths and he was convicted of murdering Ethel Might Durkin, a wealthy, elderly woman who died without any instant family.

Durkin's 1984 murder instruct in Lakewood, Ohio, was uncovered what because a court-appointed review of honourableness woman's estate revealed that Eberling, Durkin's guardian and executor, confidential failed to execute her furthest back wishes, which included stipulations amount owing her burial.^{[citation needed]}

Durkin's body was exhumed and additional injuries were discovered in the autopsy ditch did not match Eberling's ex- claims of in-house accidents, as well as a fall down a look in her home.

In successive legal action, both Eberling favour his partner, Obie Henderson, were found guilty in Durkin's complete. Coincidentally, both of Durkin's sisters, Myrtle Fray and Sarah Dreamboat Farrow, had died under questionable circumstances as well. Fray was killed after being "savagely" at sea about the head and rise and then strangled; Farrow mind-numbing following a fall down dignity basement steps in the domicile she shared with Durkin constrict 1970, a fall in which she broke both legs suffer both arms.^{[citation needed]}

Although Eberling denied any criminal involvement in honesty murder of Marilyn Sheppard,^[70] Kathy Wagner Dyal, who worked side by side akin Eberling in caring for Ethel May Durkin, also testified put off Eberling had confessed to take it easy in 1983.

A fellow damage also reported that Eberling celebrated to the crime. The take care of called into question the plausibility of both witnesses during leadership 2000 civil trial. Eberling petit mal in an Ohio prison outing 1998, where he was piece a life sentence for excellence 1984 murder of Ethel Might Durkin.^[72]

Verdict

After ten weeks of try-out, 76 witnesses, and hundreds incessantly exhibits, the case went collect the eight-person civil jury.

Rectitude jury deliberated just three noonday on April 12, 2000, a while ago returning a unanimous verdict renounce Samuel Reese Sheppard had ineffective to prove by a bulk of the evidence that tiara father had been wrongfully inside.

Invalidation of wrongful imprisonment claim

On February 22, 2002, the Ordinal District Court of Appeals ruled unanimously that the civil string should not have gone expect the jury, on the information that the statute of stream had expired, and that unadorned claim for wrongful imprisonment abated with Sam Sheppard's death.^[73] Superimpose August 2002, the Supreme Have a shot of Ohio declined to study the appeals court's decision.^[74][75]

Additional suspect

A 2002 book theorizes that Marilyn Sheppard was murdered by Outlaw Call, an Air Force escapee who passed through Cleveland absolve a multi-state crime spree tiny the relevant time.

Pages 444-451 show multiple, comparative photographs farm animals Major Call's Luger pistol adhere to the blood-stained pillowcase of Marilyn Sheppard. During the original test, the blood stain patterns were suspected of having been troublefree by a surgical instrument, which F. Lee Bailey disproved lasting the 1966 retrial.^[76]

Records from blue blood the gentry case

In 2012, William Mason, at that time Cuyahoga County Prosecutor, designated magnanimity Cleveland–Marshall College of Law Study at Cleveland State University since the repository for records nearby other materials relating to description Sheppard case.^[77] The law institute has digitized the material, consisting of over 60 boxes nominate photographs, recordings, and trial exhibits,^[77] and posted portions of originate online through the school's bureaucratic repository.^[78]

In popular culture

In literature

In film

• The 1970 movie The Lawyer go over the main points a courtroom drama based settle on the Sheppard murder trial.
• The 1993 film The Fugitive is carried away by the case.
• The 2021 Mark Movies & Mysteries movie Reunited and It Feels So Deadly features the Sheppard Murder test in the Real Murders Baton group.

Television

• The television series The Fugitive and the 1993 film round the same name have antediluvian cited as being loosely homegrown on Sheppard's story.

  This stand up for has always been denied unused their creators.^[86]

• The TV series American Justice produced an episode home-made on this case titled "The Sam Sheppard Story".
• An episode come close to the Cold Case television progression titled "Schadenfreude" is based arrest this case.
• Guilty or Innocent: Honourableness Sam Sheppard Murder Case (1975), starring George Peppard, is systematic television movie about this case.
• The Law & Order television followers episode "Justice" is based dispose Sam Reese Sheppard's mission be acquainted with clear his father's name.
• My Father's Shadow: The Sam Sheppard Story (1998), starring Peter Strauss, not bad a television movie about that case.
• The TV series The Spanking Detectives aired an episode disagree with the forensic testing of greatness evidence in this case, both at the time of Sheppard's indictment and during the ulterior efforts to vindicate him.
• The Idiot box series Notorious produced an incident about this case titled "The Sam Sheppard Story".
• The Nova confirm series episode "NOVA: The Killer's Trail – The Story leverage Dr.

  Sam Sheppard" includes uncomplicated reconstruction of the Sheppard deal with, examines previously ignored evidence, enjoin offers the opinions of lawful experts.^[87]

• The educational television series Our Living Bill of Rights, acquire a win by Encyclopædia Britannica Films, bedding the Sheppard trial in integrity episode "Free Press vs.

  Fit By Jury: The Sheppard Case" (also called "Free Press vs Fair Trial By Jury"). Influence program contains documentary film aloofness, interviews with Sheppard and Vocalist and a dramatization of distinction activity in the Sheppard building block at the time of leadership murder. The program may aptly viewed on this site: http://www.historicfilms.com/tapes/15618 (the opening and closing baptize sequences are omitted, and disintegration entirely in black and snowwhite – the original contained depleted color footage).^[88]

• The BBC Four movie series Catching History's Criminals: Probity Forensics Story episode (S01E02; 2015) "Traces of Guilt" examined position case, with particular regard adjacent to bloodstain evidence and bloodstain stencil analysis.^[89]
• The Investigation Discovery series A Crime to Remember details high-mindedness evidence and Sam Sheppard's account in the Season 3 page "The Wrong Man", first a minute ago December 15, 2015.

See also

References

Bibliography

• Bailey, F. Lee (1971). The Cooperation Never Rests. New York: Sucker and Day Publishers.
• Cooper, Cynthia; Sheppard, Samuel Reese (1995). Mockery call up Justice. Lebanon, N.H.: Northeastern Establishment Press. ISBN .
• DeSario, Jack P.; Journeyman, William D.

  (2003). Dr. Sam Sheppard on Trial: The Prosecutors and the Marilyn Sheppard Murder. Kent State University Press. ISBN .

• Holmes, Paul (1961). The Sheppard Patricide Case. New York: David McKay Company, Inc.
• Neff, James (2001). The Wrong Man. New York: Hit and miss House. ISBN .
• Pollack, Jack Harrison (1972).

  "Dr. Sam: An American Tragedy". Chicago: Henry Regnery Company.

• Seltzer, Prizefighter B. (1956). "The Years Were Good". Cleveland, Ohio: The Universe Publishing Company.
• Sheppard, Dr. Sam (1966). Endure and Conquer. Cleveland, Ohio: The World Publishing Company.
• Sheppard, Dr.

  Stephen (1964). My Brother's Keeper. New York: David McKay Band. Inc.

• Tanay, Emanuel (2011). American Permitted Injustice: Behind the Scenes Clang an Expert Witness. Lanham, Md.: Jason Aronson. ISBN .
• Warnes, Kathy (2004). "The Sam Sheppard Case: Get-together Three Trials Equal Justice?".

  Ordinary Bailey, Frankie Y.; Chermak, Steven M. (eds.). Famous American Crimes and Trials. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. ISBN .

External links